“得主题者得天下”新东方中口阅读“必杀技”

时间:2005-9-27 20:12:24  作者:alex 鍙彲鑻辫-骞磋交浜虹殑鑻辫鍚璁粌骞冲彴
“得主题者得天下”新东方中口阅读“必杀技”

re than B的结构时则与之相反,强调前者。这些结构有助于确定话题(topic),考生务必把此类结构背得烂熟于胸。(请参见“必杀技”之三的例题)

(4)“强”调句型:出现次数虽不及其他“强”类语汇频繁,但是只要一出现,无一不是主题句。

2、“必杀技”之二:“新”字诀

  带有new、latest、contemporary等词的句子往往会是关于新科技,新发明或者新事物的议论文的主题句所在,这些类型的文章在中口中的比重一直颇高。值得注意的是,这个特点在高级口译的文章中更是体现得淋漓尽致。

例如:(2001年3月第一篇)
  Some children do not like school. So what is new? But in Japan that familiar aversion has reached alarming proportions. About 50,000 unhappy youngsters a year (out of a total school-age population of 20 million) suffer what Japanese behavior experts call school phobia……

  评析:new引出主题,即日本学生患恐学症的人数已到警戒线。后文果然就围绕这个新现象展开了论述,用举例子、列数字、下定义等方法来支持主题。

3、“必杀技” 之三:“奇”字诀

  unusual、extraordinary、exceptional、strange、unique、striking这类词出现在新闻评论类文章是几乎都和主题脱不了干系。新闻的使命是挖掘有新闻价值的事,称得上“奇”的必然值得报道和探究。
例如:(2003年9月第四篇)

  The strange fact is that the last hundred years have seen not only the dehumanizing of manual work with the introduction of mass-production method and scientific management and a consequent reduction in the satisfaction which an individual can derive from the performance of a skilled craft, but also universal acceptance of the idea that everyone ought to work,even though they may have no absolute economic necessity to do so……

  评析:此句是中口历年考题中较长的一句话,考生若逐字翻译咀嚼,则生词恐怕马上会成为妨碍理解的拦路虎。可是,只要结合“强”字诀中的“强”调结构,我们不难找到主题。首先strange预示着这个问题的本质值得探讨,而当not only A,but also B结构映入眼帘的时候则眼前顿时豁然开朗,主题已昭然若揭:人人应该工作的观念为什么会那么深入人心?这就是作者在后文要探究的“奇”事

4、“必杀技”之四:“真”字诀

(1)“真”发现:中口文章往往会谈到科研成果,所以出现researches/ survey / interview等研究工作show / reveal / demonstrate或者 expert / specialists / professor / doctor这样的专业人士find / say / argue / suggest等词,往往预示着新发现或真道理,考生也应该格外留意。

(2)“真”观点:议论文有“先破后立”的写法,作者会先批判错误观点,继而用indeed、in fact、actually等副词或real 、true等形容词来揭示主题。

例如:(1997年3月第六篇)
  One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth……
Another factor we must take into account is now socially useful a man’s work is……
Indeed, this whole question of just reward can be turned in its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic wage”……

  评析:首段主题由most difficult question引出,可见其后的内容都是围绕工资展开。第二段的主题句也很明显,显然就是对影响工资的另一个因素的讨论。而第三段indeed后面引出的才是作者真正的观点,即人的工资的有一部分是“精神工资”,只有算上这部分工资,才能衡量一个人真正应得的报酬。

5、“必杀技”之五:“并”字诀

  从最近两年的考题来看,中口文章似乎迷上“并”字诀,即作者在文章的前3段内提出主题句,后面的段落少则3段、多则6段,段段并列,分别谈论这个主题的方方面面。

例七:(2000年9月第二篇)
  There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself……
Other people feel sure that the present trend is toward too little sleep……
Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are prepared to sleep too much……
  
  评析:首句提出人们对于睡眠时间长短问题众说纷纭,后面的三段分别描述some、other people 和there are those who believe t

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