All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter.
Dalton's Atomic Theory
In the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showed him that atoms could neither be divided into smaller parts nor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Dalton's findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles.
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)
This section consists of two parts, Part A -- "Compulsory Translation" and Part B - "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points, 80 minutes).
Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(20 points)
中国政府高度重视人口与发展问题,将人口与发展问题作为国民经济和社会发展总体规划的重要组成部分列入议事日程,始终强调人口增长与经济社会发展相适应,与资源利用和环境保护相协调。二十世纪九十年代以来,中央政府每年召开一次关于人口与发展问题的座谈会,研究分析重大问题,制定重大决策和措施。国家组织、协调有关部门和群众团体共同实施人口与计划生育方案,将计划生育与发展经济、消除贫困、保护生态环境、合理利用资源、普及文化教育、发展卫生事业、完善社会保障、提高妇女地位等紧密结合起来,努力从根本上解决中国的人口与发展问题。
Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题) (20 points)
Topic 1 (选题一)
中国画
中国画与中医、京剧在一起,被誉为中国的"三大国粹。"按内容分,主要有人物画、山水画、花鸟画三大类。
战国时,中国就以有比较成熟的人物画,唐代达到顶峰。著名的人物画家有顾恺之、吴道子等。山水画产生于秦代,宋代达到很高水平。著名的山水画家有唐代李思训、王维和明代唐寅等。花鸟画画的是自然界中的花卉、鸟兽、鱼虫。南北朝时出现了花鸟画,宋代走向成熟。著名花鸟画家有擅长画花鸟的朱耷,擅长画竹子的郑燮、擅长画鱼虾的齐白石。
按画法分,中国画主要有工笔画和写意画。工笔画的特点是按照事物原来的样子,一笔一笔画得非常细致,尤其注重细节的描绘;写意画是一种夸张的画法,要求用简单的笔墨画出事物的神韵,虽然笔墨简单,但意趣生动,表现力很强。
Topic 2 (选题二)
中国航天事业的宗旨与原则
中国航天事业的发展宗旨是:探索外层空间,扩展对宇宙和地球的认识;和平利用外层空间,促进人类文明和社会发展,造福全人类;满足经济建设、国家安全、科技发展和社会进步等方面日益增长的需要,维护国家利益,增强综合国力。
中国航天事业的发展原则是:
坚持长期、稳定、持续的发展方针,使航天事业的发展服从和服务于国家整体发展战略;
坚持独立自主、自力更生、自主创新,积极推进国家交流与合作;
根据国情和国力,选择有限目标,重点突破;
提高航天活动的社会效益和经济效益,重视技术进步的推动力;
坚持统筹规划、远近结合、天地结合、协调发展。