高级口译翻译部分学习[2]
1、汉译英时思考的基本单位是汉语的段落
汉语的思维逻辑定势是螺旋式的，常常有跳跃和迂回。其次，汉语的句子通常较短，说明同一事物常常用数个短句从数个方面和角度展开。但是通常一个段落只有一个主题思想，这一点和英语是一致的。所以汉译英时以段落为单位统筹规划，选择设计能包容所有思想点，既不太大，又不太小，并且符合英语思维逻辑的英语句子结构把原文的意思表达出来
2、汉译英时要注意选择和设计好的英语句子结构
如前所述，汉语的逻辑关系主要靠约定俗成的语言排列顺序。好多情况下前言后语的逻辑关系是隐性的，不是靠逻辑关联词连接的。汉译英时，首先要看破这种逻辑关系，并思考英语里可以表达这些逻辑关系的手段，最后确定可以表达这些关系的英语结构把意思翻译出来。落笔书写英语句子时要抓住四个关键：结构、选词、时态、单复数。设计好的英语句子结构最关键，其次是选择合适的词放到句子结构中去，同时还要注意动词时态（因为汉语没有时态），并注意动词形式、代词和名词的单复数必须前后一致（这是因为汉语单复数不太讲究的缘故）。请看翻译实例。
例一：
上海航空公司自1985年成立的第一天起，就把保证飞行安全视作自己的生命线。八年
来，安全飞行无事故。上航的每一位职工为之骄傲，上航的机务人员更是倍受鼓舞。为了让飞机始终处于最佳状态，多少个日日夜夜，他们在停机坪上加班加点，连续奋战，以严谨务实的精神，开拓进取的气概为安全飞行作出了自己的贡献。（摘自《上海航空》1993年第六期总第而十二期第2页）
原译：Since the inception of Shanghai Airlines in 1985, it is lifeline to guarantee safety flight. SAL's staff and maintenance persons take pride in the record of safety flight to keep for 8 years, and it also inspires them. On apron SAL's maintenance persons day and night have done extra work and have hard worked so as to enable the airplanes to be in best condition. They, with serious as well as steady spirit and endeavor, make greater contributions to safety flight.
改译： The Shanghai Airlines have been regarding it their lifeline to ensure the safety of flight ever since their establishment in 1985. They have kept the record of zero accident for the past eight years, in which all the staff take great pride, and by which all the mechanical maintenance personnel are particularly inspired for it recalls to them the so many days and nights when they had to stay on the apron to do overtime work to keep the airplanes in best conditions. These maintenance personnel have made great contributions to the safety of flight through their pioneering spirit and strict perseverant work.
分析：原译的失误根源在于没有将汉语的段落作为翻译时思考的基本单位，不能看破汉语各思想点之间的逻辑关系并选用合适的英语结构来表达。而是以汉语句子为单位一句句硬译，不管英语的语言逻辑和语法通不通。
例二：
泰山为中国五岳之首，素有“天下第一山”之称。她集丽、幽、妙、奥、旷於一景，绘人、文、山、水、木於一图，宛如一座巨大的历史与艺术的天然博物馆
登游泰山是数千年来炎黄子孙的宿愿。多少帝王君主曾在此封禅设祭，文人墨客在此吟哦题咏，善男信女在此寻求神佑，寻常百姓在此畅游舒怀。
泰山之游，其乐无穷。
（摘自《上海航空》1993年第六期总第而十二期第31页）
原译：As natural museum of history and art. Mount Tai is the head of five famous Mount in China, called as first Mount.
To visit Mount Tai has been Chinese wish for thousands years. At Mount Tai many emperors held the sacrifice offerings, poets wrote the poems, superstitious persons blest and common people traveled.
To visit Mount Tai is happiest.
改译：Listed at the top of the five famous mountains of China, the Taishan Mountain has long been enjoying the reputation of “the first mountain under the heaven.” Combining beauty, calm, wonder, mystery and grandeur in one sc
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