评论
打印
OK. The third thing that a listener needs to do, and this is to me the most important thing of all, and that's to predict as you listen.
好。听众需要做的第三件事，对我来说也是最重要的事情，那就是听的过程中做出预测。
Now let me give you two reasons why you have to predict.
为什么要预测，有两个原因。
For one thing, if you predict it helps you overcome noise.
首先，预测能帮助你克服噪音的干扰。
What do I mean by noise?
我说的噪音是什么意思?
Maybe there's noise outside and you can't hear me.
也许外面有噪音，你听不到我说的话。
Maybe you're in the back of the room and you can't hear all that well.
也许你在房间的后面，你听不太清楚。
Maybe the microphone doesn't work.
也许麦克风坏了。
Maybe there's noise inside your head.
也许你脑子里有杂音。
By that I mean maybe you're thinking of something else.
我是说，也许你在想别的事情。
And then all of a sudden, you'll remember "Oh, I've got to listen."
然后突然间，你会记得“哦，我得听你的。”
By being able to predict during the lecture, you can just keep listening to the lecture and not lose the idea of what's going on.
学会听讲的过程中做出预测，你就可以继续顺着刚才的内容继续听，不会不知道讲到哪里。
So predicting is important to help you overcome outside noise and inside noise.
所以预测对于克服外界噪音和内部噪音都是很重要的。
And another reason that predicting is important is because it saves you time.
预测很重要还有一个原因，就是节省时间。
Now when you listen you need time to think about the information, relate it to old ideas, take notes,
听的时候，你需要时间去思考这些信息，把它与旧的想法联系起来，记笔记，
and if you're only keeping up with what I'm saying or what the lecturer's saying, you have no time to do that.
如果你只是跟上我说的或者讲者说的话，你就没有时间去做这些了。
And I'll bet a lot of you are having that problem right now because it's so hard just to follow everything I'm saying that you don't have time to note down ideas.
我敢打赌，你们中的很多人现在都有这个问题，因为要跟上我所说的每句话实在太难了，你们没有时间记笔记。
So predicting saves you time.
所以预测可以节省你的时间。
If you can guess what I'm going to say, you're able to take notes, you're able to think, you have more time. OK?
如果你能猜出我要说什么，你就能记笔记，你就能思考，你就有更多的时间。对不对？
And there are two types of predictions that you can make: predictions of content and predictions of organization.
你可以做两种预测：内容预测和语言组织形式的预测。
Let me give you an example in terms of content.
举一个关于内容的例子。
If you hear the words "Because he loved to cook, his favorite room was..." what would you expect?
如果你听到这句话，“他喜欢做饭，所以他最喜欢的房间是…“你觉得接下来会是什么?
Kitchen. You can guess this because you know people cook in the kitchen.OK?
厨房。你可以这样猜测，因为你知道厨房是做饭的地方，对吧?
And you can also predict organization.
你也可以预测语言的组织形式。
So if I was going to tell you a story, you expect me to tell you why the story is important, give you a setting for the story.
如果我给你讲一个故事，你希望我告诉你这个故事为什么很重要，还希望我给你这个故事的背景。
So you have expectations of what the speaker is going to talk about and how the speaker will organize his or her words.
这样你对说话者将要谈论的内容，以及说话者如何组织语言有了预期。
Now let's come to the last thing a listener must do:
现在我们来说一下最后一件听众必须做的事:
the listener must evaluate as he or she is listening, decide what's important, what's not, decide how something relates to something else. OK?
听众必须在听的时候进行评估，决定什么是重要的，什么是不重要的，识别一些事物与其他事物之间的关系。对不对？
There are again two reasons for this.
这也有两个原因。
The first one is evaluating helps you to decide what to take notes about, what's important to write down, what's not important to write down.
首先，评估帮助你决定哪些是需要做笔记的，哪些是需要记下来的，哪些不重要可以不记。
And the second reason is that evaluating helps you to keep information.
第二个原因是，评估有助于你储存信息。
Studies have shown that we retain more information if ideas are connected to one another rather than just individually remembered.
研究表明，如果想法不是单独记忆，而是相互联系的，我们就可以储存更多信息。
So for example, if I give you five ideas that are not related to one another, that's much more difficult to remember than five ideas that are related.
举个例子，记住五个互不相关的想法，要比记住五个相关的想法要困难得多。
So you can see evaluating helps you to remember information better because it connects ideas to one another.
所以你就明白了，评估有助于你更好地记住信息，因为它能把想法联系在一起。
OK. From what I've said so far, you can see there's a lot involved in listening to lectures - language awareness, adding information, making predictions and evaluations.
好。说了这么多，大家可以看到很多都和听讲有关-语言意识，补充信息，做出预测和评估。
I hope these will be useful to you in lecture comprehension.
我希望这些对你们的理解讲座很有用。
