preservative— Something used to preserve, especially a chemical added to foods to inhibit spoilage 防腐剂=maintain To keep in an existing state; preserve or retain 保持

preside over— 管理,主管=manage

prestige— A person's high standing among others; honor or esteem 威望;尊重或敬佩=honor

predecessor— One who precedes another in time, especially in holding an office or a position. 前任;An ancestor; a forebear 祖先;祖宗=forerunner One that precedes, as in time; a predecessor 前任;An ancestor; a forebear 祖先;祖宗

predominantly— Most common or conspicuous; main or prevalent 最主要的;最普通的=primarily

precede— To come, exist, or occur before in time. 先于…=prior to ,before

portion— A section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole 部分=part

possess— To have as property; own 持有;拥有To have as a quality, characteristic, or other attribute 具有品质、特点=have

potential—shavingspossibility, capability, or power 有可能性的=possible

pertinent—shavingslogical, precise relevance to the matter at hand 有关系的=relevant

pit— A natural or artificial hole or cavity in the ground 坑=hole

perception— The capacity for such insight 洞察能力=insightful Showing orshavingsinsight; perceptive 有洞察力的;有悟性的

penetrate— To enter or force a way into; pierce. 穿过,刺入=go through

patron— A customer, especially a regular customer 顾客=customer

particle— A very small piece or part; a tiny portion or speck 一小份儿或一小点儿=speck A small spot, mark, or discoloration 小斑点,小污点或小瑕疵

pants裤子—trousers 裤子

rupture— The process of breaking open or bursting 裂开,突然炸开=burst

rural— Of, relating to, or characteristic of the country 农村的=country

rudimentary—Being in the earliest stages of development; incipient 处于发展的最早阶段的=undeveloped, unsophisticated

rotate—To turn around on an axis or center 绕轴或中心转动=turn, swirl

To proceed in sequence; take turns or alternate 循环,交替或轮换=alternate

robust— Full of health and strength; vigorous 健康和有力的=strong

roam— To move about without purpose or plan; wander 漫游=wander

rigidity— An instance of being rigid 僵化,严厉=stiffness