GRE写作Argument模拟题 第4篇
- 要求：
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Task Direction:
You will have 30 minutes to plan and write a critique of an argument presented in the form of a short passage. A critique of any other argument will receive a score of zero.
Analyze the line of reasoning in the argument. Be sure to consider what, if any, questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and, if evidence is cited, how well it supports the conclusion.
You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what additional information might help you better evaluate its conclusion. Note that you are NOT being asked to present your views on the subject.
GRE® readers who are college and university faculty will read your critique and evaluate its overall quality, based on how well youidentify and analyze important features of the argument organize, develop, and express your critique of the argument
support your critique with relevant reasons and examples control the elements of standard written English.
Before you begin writing, you may want to take a few minutes to evaluate the argument and to plan a response. Be sure to develop your ideas fully and organize them coherently, but leave time to read what you have written and make any revisions that you think are necessary.
Section Direction:
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.
Question:
Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term study of a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.
题目讲解
本题要求从题目中找出主要的逻辑错误，也就是Argument题目的提纲，同时每一个逻辑错误准备一套语言套路去反驳。
牛奶和奶制品富含维生素D和钙，这是骨骼生长和维持所必须的物质。因此很多人相信多吃奶制品的饮食可以帮助预防骨质疏松症，这是一种骨骼随年龄而显著弱化而且与环境和基因因素相关联的疾病。但是一项对大量人群的长期研究发现那些在研究期间经常食用奶制品的人骨折发病率比其他参加研究的人要高。由于骨折是骨质疏松症的症状之一，这一研究结果表明富含奶制品的饮食实际上会增加而不是减少患骨质疏松症的危险。
观点提示
1.作者没有提供足够的证据证明，使骨质酥松症而不是其他的因素导致了骨折。可能有其他的原因
2.作者还忽略了导致骨质酥松的其他原因。不一定是牛奶导致的
3.另外这个研究的具体过程以及对象的情况也不能有力证明论点。
In this argument ,the arguer concludes that a diet rich in dairy products may increase,instead of decreasing the risk of osteoporosis,alluding that we should limit the consume of such products for health's sake,To support this conclusion, the arguer cites the result of a study that those who have consisitantly consumed dairy products are more vulnerable than others to bone fracture,and fracture is a symptom of osteoporosis,hence more vulnerable to osteoporosis.It seems reasonable at first glance,a close examination with it ,however,will reveal several inherent flaws of it. In the first place, the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that osteoporosis equals bone fracture, which is unwarranted.As we know; there may be alternative reasons such as sports and traffic accidents that cause bone fracture.
Unless a convincing survey with the reasons of bone fractures of the individuals involved in the study is proposed that all fractures are caused by osteoporosis,the study will lend little support to the argument for its own representiveness is suspected.
In addition, the arguer fails to takes into account the age, hobby and other relevant background of the individuals who participated the study.It is not just diary products that matter.It's possible, even probably, that those who like mounting as well as diary products.It's obvious that those climbers are more vulnerable to bone fracture, how can we owe the fracture to the diary products that he ate in the morning?
Finally,the arguer ignores other factors such as genes,surroundings and habits that may have some bearings on osteoporosis,To trace the causes of osteoporosis to any single reason is to be miss the wood for the trees. To sum up, the argument is unconvincing due to several reasons state above .To Strength the argument, the arguer should establish a causal relation between osteoporosis and bone fracture, to make the argument more cogent, the arguer should initiate a survey with those people to determine that if the diary products are the genuine reason for fracture.Unless the arguer do these, the argument is not acceptable.
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