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(20) Cosmetic or plastic surgery often evokes images of famous personalities wanting to alter their appearances through elective surgical procedures. However, reconstructive surgery is a procedure that makes a similar, but different impact on the lives of many around the world, and many of these patients suffer from either congenital defects like a natural defect or from injuries sustained in accidents or as a result of animal bites. Some defects can also be due to the effects of disease or infection. Yet, the individual with such defects often bares more than just outward physical marks: loss of hope and self-worth as well as acceptance is commonplace.
In the past, such procedures were only available in developed countries where the medical expertise and financial resources were available to afford such operations. However, a number of worldwide organizations made up of volunteers make regular visits to developing countries to provide reconstructive surgery to those who could not otherwise receive such care. (21) In addition to the care they provide, these volunteer specialists also provide training to health care workers in these procedures so that local hospitals, nurses, and doctors can become self-sufficient.
The end results of such efforts have transformed lives: the patient now can live with hope for the future and with less fear of being ostracized by neighbors and family, and (22) the health care worker who performs the procedure perhaps feels a greater understanding and compassion for those who suffer from such defects.
There are many ways for people to assist in supporting these volunteer efforts. Although most people do not have the medical expertise to perform reconstructive surgery, they can still donate time, money, and supplies to such organizations. A quick search on the Internet can get you started.
20. Who is plastic surgery often correlated with according to the lecture?
21. What do the volunteer specialists do to help the developing countries?
22. What may the health care workers feel about the people with defects?
整容手术常常会令人们联想到那些想要通过非必要外科整形手术来改变自己外貌的名人。然而整形外科对世界各地的人们带来了类似但又不同的影响。接受整形手术的患者要么是因为先天缺陷要么是因为意外事故或动物咬伤留下了永久性的伤疤。还有一些缺陷可能是疾病或感染所致。然而，拥有这些缺陷的人们的伤痛不仅仅来自于外在，丧失希望、自我价值感低、缺乏自我认同感是他们的共同之处。
在过去，这种手术只有在发达国家才可以进行。因为只有这些国家才可以提供这种手术所需要医疗技术，也只有这些国家的人们支付得起这种手术所需要的费用。然而一些由志愿者组成的国际组织定期到发展中国家去给本来没有机会接受这种手术的患者做手术。除了提供医疗帮助，这些专家志愿者还为从事这种手术的医护人员进行培训，这样当地医院的医护人员就可以独立进行这种手术。
这些志愿者的努力改变了一些人的生活：接受过这些手术的患者现在生活中有了希望，也不再担心受到邻里和家人的排斥了。而进行这些手术的健康工作者们也更能体会和同情这些有缺陷的人们了。
人们有很多方式可以来帮助这些志愿者的工作。虽然大部分人没有进行整形外科手术的专业能力，但是他们可以为这些机构贡献出自己的一些时间、金钱或者物资。如果你想开始这样做简单在网上搜索一下就可以知道途径。
20.根据这段演讲，我们可以知道和整形手术相关的是什么样的人群？
21.专家志愿者为帮助发展中国家做了什么？
22.健康工作者对有缺陷的人们的看法可能是什么？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
