rival
n. a person, group or organization with whom one competes 竞争者，对手

professorship
n. the position of a university professor 教授职位

materially
ad. 物质上

rewarding
a. worth doing or having; worthwhile 值得做的；报酬丰厚的

average
a. of the usual or ordinary kind 平常的

professional
a. doing for money what others do for enjoyment 职业性的，非业余的

baseball
n. 棒球（运动）

compete
vi. try to win sth. in competition with someone else 竞争

world-class
a. among the best in the world 世界级的；世界一流水平的

academic
a. concerning teaching or studying, esp. in a college or university（高等）教学的；学术的

afloat
a. 1. out of difficulties or debt（在经济上）应付裕如的
2. 浮在水上的

largely
ad. 1. to a great degree 主要地
2. in great quantity 大量地

import
vt. (from) bring in, introduce, esp. goods from a foreign country 进口，输入
n. (usu.pl.) goods imported [常用复数] 进口商品

abroad
ad. to or in another country 到国外，在国外

major
a. greater when compared with others, in size, number, or importance 较大的，较多的，较重要的

portion
n. a part or share of sth. larger 一部分，一份

cultivate
vt. improve or develop by careful attention, training, or study 培养，培育

pro-intellectual
a. 有利于知识分子的；促进理性知识的

impoverished
a. very poor 穷困的

adapt
vi. (to) change so as to be or make suitable for new needs, different conditions, etc. 适应
vt. 使适应，使适合

educate
vt. teach; train the character or mind of 教育；培养，训练

workforce
n. 劳动大军，劳动力

innovative
a. introducing or using new ideas, techniques, etc. 革新的；富有革新精神的

intelligent
a. having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的，睿智的

leadership
n. a group of people who lead 领导层

extent
n. degree 程度，限度

insult
vt. speak or act in a way that hurts or is intended to hurt the feelings or dignity of (sb.) 侮辱
n. remark or action that insults 侮辱

Phrases and Expressions

bite off
cut off with the teeth 咬掉

be dedicated to
be devoted to 致力于，献身于

look down upon /on
have or show a low opinion of 看不起，轻视

idle away
waste (time) lazily 浪费（时间）

conform to
be in agreement with; comply with 遵照；符合

be deprived of
被夺去；被剥夺

not least of all
particularly 尤其

be held up as
be shown or offered as 被推举为；被展示为

instead of
in place of 代替；而不是

lie with
应由 …（承担责任）；（作出决定等）得靠…

adapt to
change so as to be or make suitable for 适应

do away with
abolish; cause to end 废除；去掉

stand a chance
have the possibility of achieving sth. 有希望的；有可能

Proper Names

Leonid Fridman
利奥尼德·弗里德曼（人名）

Webster's New World Dictionary
《韦伯斯特新世界词典》

Harvard
（美国）哈佛大学 (= Harvard University)

Weber
韦伯（Max Weber, 1864 - 1920, 德国社会学家，现代社会学奠基人之一）