helpless
a. unable to act without help; needing the help of others; unable to defend oneself 无助的；无依无靠的；不能自立的

immunity
n. 1. protection or freedom (from sth.) 受保护；豁免（权）
2. ability to resist infection, disease, etc. 免疫力

threaten
vt. 1. make a threat against (sb.) 威胁，恐吓
2. give a warning (of sth. bad) 预示

male
a. & n.男子（的）；雄性（的）

privilege
n. a special right or advantage available only to a particular person or group of people 特权；优惠

given
prep.考虑到
a. 1. 规定的；特定的
2. 假设的；已知的

* attach
vt. (to) 1. consider that sb. has (a certain quality) 认为有；使与…相关联
2. fasten or join 系；贴；连接

womanhood
n. women in general; the state of being a woman （总称）妇女；女子的身份或状态

* gender
n. 1. （生理上的）性
2. （名词、代词等的）性

equality
n. the state of being equal, esp. in status, rights, etc. 平等

deference
n. respect 尊敬，敬重

urgent
a. requiring immediate attention or action 紧迫的，紧要的

* complement
vt. add new or contrasting features which show the best qualities of (sth.) or which improve (it) 补充，补足

* constraint
n. limitation or restriction 约束，限制

* constrain
vt. 1. force (sb.) to act in a particular way 强迫
2. prevent (sth.) from developing freely 限制，束缚

restructure
vt. arrange (a system or organisation) in a new way to make it work more effectively 重建；改组；调整

evolutionary
a. of or resulting from evolution; developing gradually 进化论的；演变的

instinct
n. behavior or knowledge that one has without being taught 本能

perpetuate
a. make (sth.) continue for a long time; carry (sth.) on 使永久；保持

* perpetual
a. lasting forever or for a long time 永久性的；长期的

indispensable
a. essential 必不可少的

repopulate
vt. 重新构成…的人口；重新居住于

biologically
ad. 从生物学的角度

logic
n. a way of reasoning 推理（法）

depress
vt. 1. sadden and discourage 使抑郁，使沮丧
2. cause to sink to a lower level of position 使不景气，使萧条

reductionism
n. the practice of showing prejudice because of the tendency to reduce women to a lower status 视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法

reduction
n. making or becoming smaller; the amount taken off in making sth. smaller 减少（量）；削减（数）

version
n. 1. one person's account of an event, as compared with that of another person 描述，说法
2. 版本；改写本

geneticist
n. 遗传学家

egg-layer
n. 生育机器

* courtesy
n. 1. polite behavior; good manners 谦恭有礼；有礼的举止
2. a polite or kind action or expression 好意；恩惠

survival
n. continuing to live or exist, often in spite of difficulty or danger 生存；幸存

strategy
n. a plan, often for business or military aims 策略，计谋

strategic
a. 战略（上）的；战略上重要的

parental
a. 父母（似）的