下面我们再听一遍安妮克鲁格教授的这段谈话。(略)
在前两讲中我们介绍了澳大利亚同世界上许多国家一样早已放弃了固定汇率制。但是发生在二十世纪九十年代末的亚洲金融危机又引发了对固定汇率制的讨论。诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、美国经济学教授弗里德曼认为,恢复固定汇率制并不是明智之举。他说:
Whenever you have a pegged exchange or a system like that, it has the tendency to let small problems accumulate into big ones and then to create a crisis.
And that is true, I may say, not only among small countries like Thailand or Korea. Great Britain in the 1950s and 60s several times had similar exchange crises arising from exactly the same thing, that it was trying to peg its currency, at that time under Bretton Woods, to the US dollar.
And its central bank was behaving in a way that was not consistent with that, and so, lo and behold, you had an exchange crisis and a devaluation.
弗里德曼在谈话中用了这样一些词汇和短语:
1 peg 固定,钉住
2 pegged exchange rate 固定汇率
3 tendency 趋势
4 accumulate 积累
5 lo and behold 看哪!瞧!
我们现在听一遍弗里德曼教授的这段谈话和中文翻译:(英文略)
每当实行一种固定汇率或类似的制度时,它都会有把小问题积累成大问题、然后造成危机的趋势。
不仅仅在泰国或韩国这样的小国家是如此,英国在一九五十年代和一九六十年代也由于完全同样的原因发生了几次类似的汇率危机。也就是说它试图在当时的布雷顿森林货币体系之下把英国货币与美元的汇率固定下来。
而英国中央银行的行动却与此不相一致,因此你瞧,发生了汇率危机和贬值。
最后我们再听一遍弗里德曼教授的谈话。(略)
在结束今天节目之前,我们复习一下今天遇到的一些英文词汇:
1 Reserve Bank 储备银行
2 cushion 缓冲垫,减震器
3 intervene 干预
4 contention 辩论
5 on balance 总的来说
6 overshooting 过火,过激
7 peg 固定,钉住
8 pegged exchange rate 固定汇率
9 tendency 趋势
10 accumulate 积累
11 lo and behold 看哪!瞧!
各位朋友,这一讲金融世界到这里就结束了,谢谢您的收听。