Lesson Thirteen

Pre-class Work

Read the text a third time. Learn the new words and expressions listed below.

Glossary

anthropology
n. the scientific study of people, their societies, cultures, etc.

arena
n. （活动或争斗的）舞台

bird's-eye view
(infml) a general view; a view of sth. from high above

by-pass
v. to ignore; to go round or avoid

citizenship
n. the state of being a citizen

combination
n. joining or mixing of two or more things or people

communicate
v. to exchange opinions, news, information, etc.

comparative
adj. 比较的

comprehend
v. to understand fully

comprehension
n. understanding

compression
n. the act of forcing people or things into a small space

confession
n. 坦白；交代

destiny
n. 命运

dung
n. 动物粪便

galaxy
n. any of the large groups of stars which make up the universe 星系；the Galaxy: 银河系

hostile
adj. angry or unfriendly

image
n. 形象

kinship
n. family relationships

loyalty
n. the quality of being faithful to one's friends, principles, country, etc. 忠诚

miseducated
adj. being badly or wrongly educated

mutuality
n. the state of mutual respect, understanding, support, etc.

occupy
v. to fill (a space)

oxygen
n. a gas with no color, smell or taste in the air and necessary for most forms of life on earth

persist
v. to continue to exist (in spite of the social changes)

planet
n. a large body in space that moves round a star or the sun, like the Earth 行星

precarious
adj. unsafe; likely to fall or become dangerous

preference
n. by ～: because you like sth. better

principal
adj. main; most important

productivity
n. the amount of goods produced

propaganda
n. 宣传

reference
n. 提到

refined
adj. improved; changed

religion
n. 宗教

respond
v. to react to sth. that has been said or done in answer

scarcely
adv. almost not or almost none at all

secure
adj. being or feeling safe and protected against danger

similarity
n. a way in which things or people are similar 相似；相似之处