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England in the 1500s
Here are some facts about the 1500s：
Most people got married in June because they took their yearly bath in May，and，still smelled pretty good by June．However，they were starting to smell，so brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor1)．
Baths consisted of a big tub2) filled with hot water．The man of the house had the privilege of the nice clean water，then，all the other sons and men，then，the women and，finally，the children－－last of all the babies．By then，the water was so dirty you could，actually，lose someone in it－－hence the saying，“Don' t throw the baby out with the bath water．
”Houses had thatched3) roofs－－thick straw，piled high，with no wood，underneath．It was the only place for animals to get warm，so，all the dogs，cats，and other small animals（mice，rats，and bugs），lived in the roof．When it rained，it became slippery4) and，some times，the animals would slip and fall off the roof－－hence the saying “It's raining cats and dogs．”
There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house．This posed a real problem in the bedroom，where bugs and other droppings could，really，mess up your nice clean bed．Hence，a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top，afforded some protection．That' s how canopy5) beds came into existence．
The floor was dirty．Only the wealthy had something other than dirt，hence the saying “dirt poor．”
The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter，when wet，so，they spread thresh on the floor to help keep their footing．As the winter wore on，they kept adding more thresh until when you opened the door it would all start slipping outside．A piece of wood was placed in the entry way－－hence，a “thresh hold．”
They cooked in the kitchen with a big kettle that always hung over the fire．Every day，they lit the fire and added things to the pot．They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat．They would eat the stew for dinner，leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and，then，start over the next day．Sometimes，the stew had food in it，that had been there for quite a while－－hence the rhyme，“peas porridge hot，peas porridge6) cold，peas porridge in the pot nine days old．”
Sometimes they could obtain pork，which made them feel quite special．When visitors came over，they would hang up their bacon to show off．It was a sign of wealth that a man “could bring home the bacon．”They would cut off a little to share with guests and would all sit around and “chew the fat．”
Those with money had plates made of pewter．Food with a high acid content caused some of the lead to leach onto the food，causing lead poisoning and death．This happened most often with tomatoes，s o，for the next 400years or so，tomatoes were considered poisonous7)．
Most people did not have pewter8) plate s，but，had trenchers，a piece of wood with the middle scooped out like a bowl．Often，trenchers were made from stale paysan bread，which was so old and hard that they could use them for quite some time．Trenchers were never washed，and，a lot of times，worms and mold got into the wood and old bread．After eating off wormy moldy trenchers，one would get “trench mouth．”
Bread was divided，according to status．Workers got the burnt bottom of the loaf，the family got the middle，and guests got the top，or，“upper crust．”
Lead cups were used to drink ale or whiskey．The combination would，sometimes knock them out for a couple of days．Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial．They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up－－hence t he custom of holding a “wake．”
England is old and small，and，they started out running out of places to bury people．So，they would dig up coffins9) and would take the bones to a “bone－house” and reuse the grave．When reopening these coffins，one out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside，and，they realized they had been burying people alive．So，they thought they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse，lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell．Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night （the “graveyard shift”）to listen for the bell．
