评论
打印
Treatment of oral cancers can include many different
口腔癌的治疗囊括了许多不同的技术
techniques; the choice of treatment depends mainly on
治疗的选择主要取决于个人身体的总体情况
a person's general health, where in the mouth or
癌症源于口腔还是嗓子，肿瘤的大小
throat the cancer began, the size of the tumor and
以及癌症是否已经扩散
whether the cancer has spread. For early cancers
对于早期的癌症外科手术来说
surgery is usually done to remove the tumor but it is
通常情况下是在癌症没有扩散
typically not done if the cancer has spread to
到颈部时摘除肿瘤
the neck. Radiation therapy is also used. Advanced
激光疗法对此也很适用
cancers require more treatment, either chemotherapy,
晚期癌症需要更多的治疗，要么是化学疗法
radiation therapy or a combination of the 2 is done
激光疗法，要么两者结合去击中并镇压肿瘤
to target and suppress the tumor. Targeted therapy is
目标疗法是一种通过使用药物
a new tool that uses a drug to inhibit the growth of
制止肿瘤繁殖的新型方法
the tumor; it is used in combination with chemotherapy
它是通过将化学疗法和激光疗法
and / or radiation therapy. Speech therapy may also be
合二为一来使用，治疗后需要通过语言障碍
needed after treatment to improve movement of the mouth
矫正来提高嘴及下颚一带的活动
and jaw, chewing, swallowing and speech. Because
咀嚼，吞咽和说话等的能力，因为
advanced cancer removal is so invasive, reconstructive
晚期癌症的切除外科手术是扩散危害性的
surgery may need to be done later as well.
所以可能需要在后期进行修复手术
Survival rates are typically low because of the damage
因为肿瘤造成的破坏和扩散，癌症存活率很低
and spreading the tumor has done. 5 year survival rates
大约有50%的癌症患者可以存活5年
are around roughly 50% however if the tumor is caught
然而如果能够在早期阶段切除肿瘤
in early stage the survival rate goes up to between 80
存活率就会上升到80%-90%
to 90%; this is a significant increase and shows the
这是一次有意义的增长并且说明了
importance of early discovery, not only for oral
在早期发现癌症的重要性，不仅口腔癌
cancers but all types of cancer.
是这样，所有类型的癌症都是这样
Oral cancer can be prevented, most causes of oral cancer
口腔癌可以预防，我们能够控制引发口腔癌
we can control. Practicing good oral hygiene helps keep
的大部分原因，好的口腔卫生有助于口腔清洁
the oral cavity clean and harmful bacteria at bay.
远离有害细菌
Limiting the use of tobacco and alcohol products is
控制吸烟和酗酒是另一种
another easy way to prevent oral cancer. Many problems
预防口腔癌的简单方法
with the diet are not related to the actual foods by
许多饮食问题与实际的食物无关
bacterial fermentation of the food is the bigger
而由细菌发酵的食物才是个更严重的问题
problem, therefore consuming a healthy diet with
由于细菌和噬菌在癌症中起作用
limited snacking, especially on sugary foods,
因此人们推荐少吃零食的健康饮食
is highly recommended to limit bacteria and plaque
来限制它们的增长
growth because of their role in cancer.
尤其是甜食
One study conducted in Italy took place from 1992
意大利的一项从1992年到2005年的
to 2005, a total of 804 patients admitted to local
调查显示，总共有804个病人到医院检查
hospitals with confirmed oral or pharyngeal cancer
确诊患有口腔癌或者咽喉癌
were examined. The control group consisted of 2080
对照组的2080个病人因不相关的原因
patients admitted to the same hospitals for unrelated
也进入同一家医院
reasons. They were then frequency matched for study,
他们和研究
center location, sex and 5 year age groups.
中心位置，性别，五年年龄组相匹配
Each person was given a food frequency questionnaire,
每一个人都有一个频繁的食物问卷
5 major diets were identified and 29 macro nutrients
确认了五种主要的食物，检查了29种宏营养
and micro nutrients were examined. The diets consisted
以及微营养，这些食物包括
of an animal product diet, starch rich, vitamins and
畜产品，富含淀粉的食物，维生素以及
fiber, unsaturated fats and retinol and niacin.
纤维素，不饱和脂肪，维生素A以及烟酸
Results from the study showed a positive association
研究结果显示了再续产品和口腔癌之间
between animal products and oral cancer.
成正相关
