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The (Secret) City of London, Part 2:Government
伦敦金融城的秘密(二)政府
The City of London is a unique place.
伦敦金融城是个特别的地方。
It's the city in a city in a country in a country that runs its government with perhaps the most complicated elections in the world, involving medieval guilds, modern corporations, mandatory titles and fancy hats, all of which are connected in this horrifying org chart.
它是个国中之国的城中之城，以大概是世界上最复杂的选举制度运作其政府，涉及了中世纪的同业公会、现代的公司、法定的称谓和花俏的帽子，这些全都在这个可怕的组织图里相互连结。
Why so complicated?
为什么这么复杂？
Though the new Skyscrapers might make you think the City of London is relatively young, it's actually the oldest continuous government on the Island of Great Britain. The City of London predates the Empire that Victoria ruled, the Kingdoms Anne united and the Magna Carta that John reluctantly signed.
虽然新的摩天大楼会让你觉得伦敦金融城相对来说还年轻，但实际上它是大不列颠岛上最年长的连续政府。伦敦金融城在年代上早于维多利亚统治的帝国、安妮女王(1702-1714年的女王)统一的王国，以及约翰王心不甘情不愿签下的大宪章。
While the London which surrounds the city only got to electing its first Mayor in 2000, the list of Mayors who've governed the City of London is almost seven hundred people long, going back more than a thousand years.
虽然围绕伦敦金融城的伦敦市在2000年才首次选出第一位市长，但曾治理过伦敦金融城的市长名单有将近七百人，可远远追朔回一千年前。
The City of London's government is so old that there's no surviving record of exactly when it was born. There are only documents, like the Magna Carta, which mention the pre-existing powers of the City of London already had at that point in time.
伦敦金融城的政府太老了，以致于它确切诞生的时间没有幸存的纪录。只有像是大宪章的文件，有提到伦敦金融城在那个时间点之前就已经有了势力。
So while a government like the United States's officially gets its power from the people, and Parliament gets its power from the Crown (which in turn gets it from God), the City of London gets its power from "time immemorial," meaning that the City is so old. It just is.
所以尽管美国这样的政府从人民身上正式得到权力、议会从王权得到权力(反过来王权从神那里取得的权力) ，伦敦金融城则是从“太古时代”得到权力，意思就是这城市实在太老了。它就是这么老。
And that age brings with it unusual and complicated traditions, the most notable of these, perhaps, is that in City of London elections, companies get votes. Quite a lot actually...about 3/4th of the votes cast in City elections are from companies with the remaining 1/4th from residents.
随同它的年岁也带来了独特、复杂的传统，其中最值得注意的，或许是在伦敦金融城的选举中，公司行号持有选票。事实上还挺多的...伦敦金融城选举中约有四分之三投下的选票是来自于公司行号，剩下的四分之一来自于居民。
The way it works is that the bigger a company is, the more votes it gets from the City of London. The companies then give their votes to select employees who work but do not live within the city, and it's these employees who do the actual voting at election time.
它运作的方式是，公司越大，从伦敦金融城拿到的选票就越多。接着这些公司将其选票给予那些挑出来的、在这城市工作、但不居住在此城市的员工，而就是这些员工在选举时实际投票。
The result is that the Common Council, the bureaucratic beating heart of the City of London, has about twenty common councilors elected by residents of the city and about eighty elected by companies of the city.
结果是，市议会，伦敦金融城跳动的官僚心脏，有大约二十名市议会议员是由伦敦金融城的居民选出，而有大约八十名是由伦敦金融城的公司选出。
The reasoning behind this unusual tradition is that for every one person who lives in the City of London, forty-three people commute in every day. In total that's three hundred thousand commuters using City services, and whose employment depends on the City of London being business friendly.
这个特殊传统背后的理由是，对于每一个住在伦敦金融城的人，就有四十三个每天通勤的人。整体来说有三十万名通勤族在使用城里的服务，他们的工作则仰赖伦敦金融城对企业友好的态度。
The man in charge of the common council and who heads The City's government is The Right Honorable, the Lord Mayor of London.
负责市议会和带领伦敦金融城政府的人，是“正义高尚伦敦金融城市长大人”。
Now, suppose you want to be Lord Mayor... Surely, just as in that other London all you'll need to do is:
现在，假如你想要成为市长大人...当然，就像在另外一个伦敦，所有你需要做的是：
a) Be a British, Commonwealth, or EU citizen, who has
a) 成为英国，联邦，或是欧盟的公民
b) lived in the city for a year, and who
b) 已在此城市住了一年
c) wins the election
c) 赢得选举
Right? No.
对吧？才怪。
In The City of London, that's not nearly enough. Ready for the qualifications list?
在伦敦金融城，那还差得远。准备好看资格条件列表了吗？
Before you can even run for Lord Mayor, you need to have been a Sheriff of The City of London. But before you can be Sheriff, you need to be an Aldermen.
在你可以参选市长大人前，你需要当过伦敦金融城的郡长。但在你可以当上郡长之前，你需要先当市府参事。
What's an Aldermen? Well, the City of London is divided into twenty-five wards, and each Ward elects one Aldermen to represent it on the Court of Aldermen (a sub-section of the common council).
市府参事是什么？嗯，伦敦金融城分成二十五个区，每个区选出一名市府参事在参事议政厅代表该区(参事议政厅是市议会的附属部门)。
But before you can run for Alderman, you need to gain Freeman Status... and who gives out Freeman Status? Why none other than the very Court of Aldermen you're trying to get elected to, which might just seem like a conflict of interest?
但在你可以参选市府参事前，你需要得到自由人身分...而谁发放自由人身分呢？为什么不是别人而正是你试着要选进去的参事议政厅？这看起来似乎是利益上的冲突。
Luckily, there is another way to get the Freeman Status: join one of the City's Guilds. Sadly, they aren't called guilds, they're called Livery Companies (a name which is both more boring and less descriptive, but the remnants of medieval guilds many of them are), and within the City there are a hundred and eight of them to choose from, including, but not limited to:
很幸运地，有另一个得到自由人身分的方式：加入其中一个伦敦金融城的同业公会。不幸的是，他们不叫公会，他们称作伦敦金融城同业公会(一个更无聊、更少描述性的名字，但中世纪公会的残存者很多都是)，而在伦敦金融城中其中有一百零八个可供选择，包括但不限于以下：
The Apothecaries, The Fishmongers, The Masons, The Mercers, The Scientific Instrument Makers, The Bankers, The Shipwrights, The Wheelwrights, The Butchers, The bakers, Two different candlestick makers and the most exciting of all: The Chartered Accountants!
药材商公会、鱼商公会、泥瓦匠公会、绸布商人公会、科学仪器制造商公会、银行业公会、造船工人公会、车匠公会、屠夫公会、面包师傅公会、两个烛台的制造商公会、还有全部之中最刺激的：特许会计师公会!
Many of these guilds, like the Fletchers, have become charities, but some are still active, such as the Goldsmiths who test the quality of British coinage and the Hackney Carriage Drivers who license taxi drivers.
这些公会里有许多，像是Fletchers(造箭商)，变成慈善机构，但有些还很活跃，像是测试英国货币品质的Goldsmiths(金匠)，以及发给计程车司机执照的Hackney Carriage Drivers(出租马车驾驶)。
To join one of these guilds, you'll either need to meet the professional requirements, or for the charities like the Haberdashers, you'll need the approval of two existing members.
要加入这些公会，你要嘛得达到专业需求规定，要嘛对于像是Haberdashers这样的慈善机构，你则需要两位现有成员的批淮。
If you meet none of the Livery Companies membership requirements, but you think you'll be a clever clogs and start your own Livery Company and grant yourself Freeman Status, tough luck because new Livery Companies need to be approved by...you guessed it, the Court of Aldermen.
如果你没有符合任何一项伦敦金融城同业公会成员的规定，但你认为你会是个爱卖弄的聪明人，着手成立自己的同业公会，接着授与自己自由人的身分，太糟糕了，因为新的同业公会需要由...你猜对了，由参事议政厅批淮。
But let's assume one way or another you get the official freeman status certificate, now you can finally run for Aldermen of a Ward...after the Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee also approves of you.
但假设你想办法得到了正式的自由人证书，现在你终于可以参选某区的市参议员...在法官大人的咨询委员会批淮你之后。
But that small barrier passed, you can win election as Aldermen in either one of the four wards, where people live, or the twenty-one wards where companies live.
但跨过这小障碍，你可以在居民居住的四个区内、或公司所在的二十一个区之一赢得市参议员选举。
Once on the court of aldermen, to continue your path to the Mayor's Office in Guildhall, you must now be elected as sheriff, but this time it's the members of the Livery Companies who pick the sheriffs.
一旦你进入参事议政厅后，要继续走向市政厅的市长办公室之路，你现在需要选上郡长，但这会儿是由同业公会的成员来选出郡长。
So if the Livery Company members elect you as Sheriff, after you have successfully completed your term, then you can finally run for Mayor.
所以如果同业公会成员选你为郡长，在你成功地完成你的任期后，那么你就可以参选市长。
But surprisingly, the residents of the City of London don't vote for the Mayor, our old friends on the Court of Aldermen do.
但令人讶异的是，伦敦金融市的居民并不投票选市长，我们在参议市政厅的老朋友才要选。
So in summary, once you get your freeman status from either the court of aldermen or the livery companies, and after your ward elected you as alderman, and then the livery companies elect you as sheriff, and after your term as sheriff ends, but while you're still on the court of aldermen, then you can run for Mayor.
所以总结来说，一旦你从参议市政厅或同业公会取得自由人身分，然后你的区选你为市参议员之后，接着同业公会选你为郡长，然后郡长的任期结束，但你仍在参议市政厅中，接着你才可以参选市长。
And assuming the other aldermen select you, you can finally take your place as The Right Honorable, The Lord Mayor of London...for one year, with no salary. And you have to cover your own expenses, which will be quite considerable as your new job consists mostly of making hundreds of speeches a year around the world promoting city business.
然后假设其他市参议员选你，你终于可以当上“正义高尚伦敦金融城市长大人”...任期一年，没有薪水。你必须支付自己的开支，这可是很可观的一笔钱，因为你的新工作大部分包括一年在全世界办上数百场的演讲来推广伦敦金融城的事业。
But you do get that fancy hat, which just might make it all worthwhile.
但你的确会得到那顶花俏的帽子，这让一切都值得了。
