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Before the beginning of the 20th century
在20世纪初前
the US generally kept out of European affairs
美国无论何时何地都设法
where ever and whenever possible.
抽身于欧洲国家的事务之中
Others have argued the opposite way
还有人持相反观点
that the Monroe Doctrine was in fact
认为门罗主义事实上是
an imperialist blank check
一张帝国主义者的空头支票
allowing the United States government
允许美国政府
to intervene in the Americas
干预美洲事务
where ever and whenever it saw fit.
无论何时何地
This view is supported by countless examples of
这种观点得到了各种例子的证实
red-handed American interference in Latin America.
美国在拉丁美洲造成了许多血战
Examples of this interference include
干预的例子包括了
the Mexican War of 1846 to 1848,
1846到1848的墨西哥战争
the 1914 coup in Mexico,
1914年的墨西哥政变
the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba
1961年古巴的猪湾入侵事件
and the invasion of Grenada in 1983.
以及1983年的格林纳达入侵事件
The United States was also known to
美国偶尔也
let European Powers stamp out
允许欧洲列强镇压
occasional revolutions in the Caribbean Islands.
加勒比海列岛的革命
The one certain thing is that
有一点能够确定的是
the US had publicly committed itself to
美国公开地奉行了
an official foreign policy if not exactly an alliance.
一项正式外交政策，如果不算是结盟的话
And that future presidents for the sake of the nation
未来的总统们为了这个国家
would be expected to
能够照常发展，也将会
honor this foreign policy as well.
沿用这一外交政策
Segment 4d: Trails of Tears.
4d章节，血泪之路
As we have seen the United States
正如我们所看到的
was doing a good job of managing its expansion.
美国在扩张领土方面干得漂亮
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
1787年的西北法令
had allowed for the orderly assimilation
考虑到了让新融入的领土
of new territory on an equal basis
跟原有的十三州
with the existing states.
享有平等权利
Most of the new territory added
大多数新的区域
came through diplomacy
都是通过外交手段得到的
as did the Louisiana Territory in 1803
1803年的路易斯安娜
and Florida in 1819.
和1819年的佛罗里达都是如此
The informal alliance with Great Britain
1823年的罗门主义
implied in the Monroe Doctrine of 1823
意味着美国与英国的非正式结盟
meant that the US would have a largely free hand
也就是说，美国在参与
in conducting external affairs.
国际事务的时候，能有一个帮手
Yet America's expansion brought
但是美国的扩张导致了
other internal problems.
其他的内部问题
The first and most dangerous
最重大也是最危险的
which concerned the expansion of human slavery
也就是奴隶制的问题
will be treated in lecture 5.
我们会在第五讲中详述
Smaller but no less shameful
虽然这个问题较小，但是却罪恶深重
was a question of how the United States
关系到美国人应该
should treat the Native Americans.
如何对待美国印第安土著居民
The population of America
美国人口
exploded in the first half of the 19th century.
在19世纪上半叶激增
The population of the original colonies
原有殖民地的人口
continued to multiply rapidly.
也继续快速增长
Immigrants from all over Europe poured into America
来自欧洲的移民涌入美国
lured by cheap fares across the sea
因为航海费用便宜
and poverty at home.
以及家乡过于贫穷
Some of these new Americans were city dwellers
这些新来的美国人成为了城里人
looking for factory work.
急切地寻找工厂工作
But the majority were looking for farmland.
但是大部分人希望到农场工作
Officially there was plenty of land
实际上因为吸收了西北地区
for the taking in the Northwest Territory,
佛罗里达和路易斯安娜
Florida and/or Louisiana.
土地还是挺富裕的
But the Indians who had been living
但是那些已经居住在
in these lands for centuries
这些土地上许多年的印第安人
were not inclined to move out
并不希望因为
just because the white people wanted in.
白人的迁入而迁出
Even though the white settlers
尽管这些白人移民
were constantly pushing the Indians west
一直不断地把印第安人逼往西边
the US itself had no formal Indian policy.
但是美国当时还没有正式的印第安人政策
Some Indians chose of their own free will
有些印第安人自愿选择
to become fully Americanized
完全被美国化
and they were assimilated
他们融入了
in the quote/unquote melting pot.
美国这个"大熔炉"
Some Indians chose to migrate
有些印第安人选择
far away from the white men
远远躲开这些白人
to places where they could live their tribal lives
迁移到他们可以继续部落生活的地方
in what they hoped would be peace.
享受他们渴望的和平
