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Trade died down as opposed to Roman times,
与罗马帝国时期相比,那时的贸易断绝
a life become local and substitution
生活变的只限于当地交易和易物交换
the West had little communication with other regions
金钱退出了流通循环,西部地区与外界的联系越来越少
The West had reverted there was in the Dark Ages
西部地区又重新回到了
The Dark Ages
黑暗时代
Among the Franks, there rose a of capable rulers
而法兰克地区出现了一位能干的统治者
you've all heard of Charlemagne called Charlemagne in French,
在法语里就是你所听说过的查理大帝Charlemagne
in German called Karl der Gro, which is why his name
在德语里被称作Karl der Gro 他的名字
of course mean in French, Charles the Great
在法语里意味着 "查理,那伟大的一位"
The Frankish kings one of ways they increase their power
法兰克大帝用来增长实力的其中一种办法就是
was they cooperated with the Pope in spreading religion
通过与教皇合作来扩大统治范围
So when we talk about the role of Christianity in these virtues in knightly cultures
这就是基督教在统治中的角色,在骑士文化中的角色
Christianity was being spread throughout Europe at this time
基督教在这个时期风靡了欧洲
To a degree under Charlemagne
在查理大帝统治的时期盛行到了一个程度
then and Charlemagne crowned emperor on Christmas day 880 A D
然后查理大帝在公元880年的圣诞节被加冕为皇帝
The West was reunited but it's capital was not Rome
西部又得到了统一,但这一次首都并不是罗马
It was Aachen or Aix-la-Chapelle, depending on your view of things
而是亚琛 Aachen 或是 Aix-la-Chapelle
Aachen it's part of Germany now,
亚琛如今是德国的一部分
depend on which decade or which century you're in was either part of France or part of Germany
它是欧洲的一个地区,时间和隶属国家不同,有时是法国的,有时是德国的
I believe at the end of the World War II
我相信在二战结束时
they actually had a plebiscite in this particular region
在这个地区进行过一次全民投票
and gave people the chance to vote which country they are part of
这次投票给民众机会去选择这片地区属于哪个国家
And they voted to be part of Germany
最后投票结果是德国
So you can go see where Charlemagne is buried, in Aachen
所以你可以去看看查理大帝现在是被埋在亚琛的哪里
It is very interesting because for us who would go up in Missouri or go up in Springfield,
当你去美国的密苏里或者斯普林菲尔德时,你会发现一件趣事
what's an old house in Springfield? 1910 or something
你们知道斯普林菲尔德的一所老房子吗? 1910年前后
I grew up in Long Island a little town in North Shore
我在东海岸的一个小镇,长岛长大
and just up the street from my for my dad's business
从我爸爸单位所在的那条街
was a house was truly Washington used in Revolutionary times
能看到一栋华盛顿在美国独立战争时期用的房子
it was built in 1750
建于1750年
So if you go up in the East, you know, let's all,
所以如果你去东部,你就会知道
you know some of these were old as 1750
有些东西是从1750年就存在着的了
