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In 1999, meat producers used 20.5 million pounds of antibiotics in livestock production.
在1999年，肉类生产者用家畜生长过程中消耗了2050万磅抗生素
86% of the antibiotics used were for treatment
其中86%被用于疾病防治，
and prevention of disease while the remaining 14% were used for growth promotion.
而另14%则被用于促进家畜生长
The use of antibiotics for growth promotion is an increasing area of controversy.
用抗生素来促进家畜生长正在引发人们越来越大的争议
And the issue was recently addressed by Katie Couric of NBC News.
日前NBC新闻的凯蒂·库睿克关注这一问题，
In the CBS feature,
哥伦比亚广播电台的节目中称，
there was reference made to a University of Iowa study
衣阿华州一所大学
linking methicyllin-resistant S.aureus or MRSA from swine to humans to demonstrate the point of antibiotic resistance
就新青霉素抗体如何从猪身上转移到人身上进行了研究
and to a separate study in Denmark in which all antibiotic use was suspended nationwide with no negative health effects to farm animals.
除此之外，丹麦也有一项类似的研究全国的抗生素使用都被暂停，但是对农场中家畜的健康并没有带来负面影响，
Let's take a look at the actual studies versus what was reported by CBS.
我们来看看真实的研究和CBS进行的报道，
Katie Couric reported that a University of Iowa study last year
凯蒂·库里克称，衣阿华大学去年的一项研究表明
found a new strain of MRSA in nearly three quarters of hogs, 70%,
在3/4的猪身上发现了一种新型的MRSA
and nearly two thirds of the MRSA workers, 64%, on several farms in Iowa and Western Illinois.
而该地区将近2/3的农场工人身上也带有这种MRSA，在衣阿华和西伊利诺伊，甚至达到了64%
All of them use antibiotics routinely.
这些农场都定期使用抗生素，
On antibiotic-free farms, no MRSA was found.
在不使用抗生素的农场没有发现MRSA。
Actually, that's not quite right.
实际上，这是不对的
According to the University of Iowa study,
根据衣阿华大学的研究，
recent research has demonstrated that many swine and swine farmers in the Netherlands and Canada are colonized with MRSA.
荷兰和加拿大的很多猪和养殖场工人身上都发现了MRSA
However, since no studies to date have investigated carriage of MRSA among swine and swine farmers in the United States,
但是由于目前为止，关于这个问题还没有在美国展开大规模的研究
the University of Iowa undertook a study of two separate conventional production facilities,
衣阿华大学就对两个独立的传统养殖场进行了研究，
both of which used antibiotics routinely in Iowa and Illinois.
两个养殖场位于衣阿华和伊利诺伊，都用抗生素
Production system A, an older, larger facility, was a conventional confinement comprised of 60,000 head of sows and piglets.
生产系统A规模较大，历史较长，这个传统养殖场中有六万头母猪和猪仔
The sows originated from Canada, Minnesota, and Illinois and had been repopulated in 2006.
这些母猪来自于加拿大，明尼苏达和伊利诺伊，在2006年引进
Production system B, a newer, smaller facility, was also a confinement comprised of 27,000 head of sows and piglets.
B生产系统更新，更小，它拥有27000头母猪和猪仔
The sows originated from Michigan and had been repopulated in 2006.
这些母猪来自于密西根，于2006年引进
The study measured MRSA colonization by nasal swabs by both pigs and workers
研究人员从猪和人的鼻腔中提取样本对MRSA进行化验，
and showed that MRSA prevalence was approximately 49% for swine
结果显示在A生产线中，49%的猪呈MRSA阳性，
and 45% for workers tested positive for MSRA in production system A.
而45%的工人呈阳性
Production system B shows no MRSA in either swine or workers.
但在B生产线上，猪和工人的MRSA检验结果都呈阴性，
Unsure of the reasons for the variations,
关于这种差异的具体原因还不能确定，
researchers cited as potential factors the origin of the swine herd from Canada as affecting the swine contamination
研究人员认为由于这些猪来自于加拿大，这会对猪造成一些污染，
and could not demonstrate a reason for the incidence in workers.
但是对于工人的感染来说，这并不是一个原因，
Another question raised was who infected who.
另一个问题是到底谁感染了谁，
Did the sows infect the workers or vice verse?
是母猪感染了人类还是人类感染了母猪
