评论
打印
The contrast between these two women's relationships with their husbands and their families of origin
从这两位妇女与她们的丈夫的关系及与其娘家关系的对比
illustrate how fluid were the meanings and practice of the three terms of my title
可以说明题目中三个主体的意义与实践是不定的
marriage, love and lineage constituted the social framework of Venice's ruling class in the 15th and 16th century
婚姻，爱情与血统构成15和16世纪威尼斯统治阶层的社会结构
But the possible permutations of their interaction over time
但久而久之，三者的相互作用会酝酿着潜在的变化
in the relationship of any one married couple made it a flexible framework
在任何夫妻之间都是如此，由此产生了一个灵活的框架
Jacob Burckhardt in his great 1859 classic The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy contrasted lively creative Florence
acob Burckhard在他1859年的经典之作《意大利文化复兴时期的文明》中对比了富有生机和创造力的弗洛伦萨
The city of incessant movement as he called it with stable placid Venice
他称之为，不断变化的城市和稳定宁静的威尼斯之间的区别
which for Burckhardt was the city of apparent stagnation where history seemed to stand still
他称后者是，明显的停滞在那里，历史仿佛停滞不前
Well Venice certainly was more politically stable than Florence
后者在政治上比前者稳定
But stagnation is far off the mark
但说它停滞，却有失偏颇
Venice's stability was a superstructure on top of the busy variably of lineage loyalty, family interest
威尼斯的稳定在于上层建筑建立在多事多变的血统忠诚度，家庭利益
And the unpredictable interplay of personality and sentiment
以及人格和情感不可预测的相互关系之上
Over the course of marriages lasting years or even decades in this fluid contingent dynamic
在婚姻之路上持续几年甚至几十年都不变，在这种不定，不可知的动态下
the pivotal elements were the status resources and interests of married women
最主要的因素是已婚妇女的地位，财力，和利益
Let's take a closer look at those three terms in the title
再看题目中的三个主体
Starting with lineage
我们先来看看血统
membership in the ruling class was more tightly controlled in Venice than in anywhere else in Italy
统治阶级的成员资格有严格的控制，这点威尼斯更甚意大利其他地区
The government had adopted the principle of hereditary exclusiveness
政府采取世袭特权为原则
in the early 14th century and steadily tightened it in legislation
从14世纪早期开始在法律上渐趋严格
The process culminated in 1506 in an act of the Senate
这一过程在1506年达到顶峰，上院颁布了一条法令
requiring that all male births to patrician families
规定贵族家庭的新生男孩
be recorded in the famous golden books the Libro d'Oro
都要登记在那些著名的金皮书《Libro d'Oro》中
which from then on provided definitive documentation of the class's impenetrable exclusiveness
从此它便是最权威文件昭示着贵族阶级坚不可摧的专有特权
This steady thickening of the wall around the patriciate
贵族阶级的势力日渐稳固牢靠
induced every noble as its members called itself
致使每一个贵族，他们自称为贵族
to emphasize his membership in one of the 144 houses or cazzate
开始注重其在144个议院或宗族中的成员资格
That made up the patriciate in the early 1500s
这是15世纪初贵族的构成
These cazzate were further divided into lineages
宗族又细分为各个血统
which were the effective focus of group identification from these houses and lineages
这些能有效证明议院和血统的成员资格
Sprang the 2,600 adult men who governed the city and its Empire on land and sea
2600名成年男性统治这座城市和它海陆上的帝国
Lineage identity was also strengthened by distinctions within the patriciate based on antiquity or wealth
一个人的血统地位也通过贵族阶级内部的遗物或财力的不同而加强
And it was given an even sharper edge
它被赋予了更为尖锐的优势
