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The question is how true was this?
问题是 这种说法到底有多正确呢？
Segment 12 b Pax Romano
12b 罗马和平时期
The Latin term Pax Romano can be translated as roman peace.
拉丁语Pax Romano可以译为罗马和平。
More specifically it means two centuries of comparative peace and prosperity,
更确切地说，它的意思是两个世纪长的相对和平和繁荣，
which began with Augustus in 31 BC and ended with the fall of the Severin dynasty in 235 AD.
始于公元前31年奥古斯都皇帝，终于公元235年塞维鲁王朝的衰亡。
The use of the word Pax or peace might imply the absence of wars.
和平这个词也就意味着没有战争。
In fact there were almost always wars on one border or another and even a brief civil war.
但事实上，边境地区总是有战火的，甚至还会有短暂的内战。
Yet the Roman Empire now including the entire Mediterranean world, was far more peaceful and stable than it had ever been during the republic.
不过现在罗马帝国已经吞并了整个地中海地区，要比共和国时期和平稳定得多。
Moreover the subject peoples of the roman world truly became Romanized during this time.
此外，罗马世界的子民在这个时期真正地罗马化了。
The roman legal system ensured the rule of law,
罗马的法制体系确保了依法治国，
the roman army kept the borders safe from marauders and the roman navy kept the seas free from pirates.
罗马军队保护边境地区不受掳掠者侵袭，罗马海军则保护海洋不受海盗袭击。
Attention to the needs of all the people in the provinces as well as in Italy kept the empire remarkably free from social disorder.
政府不仅注意意大利人民的需求，也考虑各个行省的需求，极大地保证了社会安定。
Even the so-called year of the four emperors 68 to 69 AD merely interrupted the series of order and prosperity
甚至是公元68到69年，所谓的四帝之年也只是暂时扰乱了社会秩序和繁荣
instead of stopping the principate in its tracks.
而没有终结元首统治。
Rome's territorial gains were very modest during the time of the Pax Romano.
在罗马和平时期，罗马地域上的扩张非常少。
Augustus had hoped to extend Rome's influence in Germany beyond the Rhine.
奥古斯都希望将罗马的势力扩张到莱茵河之外的德国地区，但是却招致了相反结果。
His efforts backfired in 9 AD when Herman the German annihilated three roman legions at Tuiterbergvault.
公元9年，德国军队在条顿森林战役中歼灭了三个罗马兵团。
This defeat at Tuiterbergvault made him advise Tiberius to keep the empire's boundaries right where they were
正是由于这次败仗，他建议提比略停止扩张帝国的疆域，
and to focus on keeping on what Rome had already gained.
侧重于守卫疆土即可。
Most of the imperial army of 150 000 men was kept busy on those borders not defined by the sea, the desert or the great rivers.
15万军队中绝大部分都被派到海洋，沙漠或者大河的边境地区戍守行军。
They marched, they drilled and they built fortifications.
演习并且建筑防御工事。
The Rhine and the Danube valleys would always remain hot spots and sometimes required additional forces, as did the restless Jews of Judea.
莱茵河和多瑙河地区总是热点地区，有时候需要增援兵力，犹太人也是一样。
Over time Britain, Arabia and Dacia that is modern day Romania were added to the empire and a handful of client kingdoms were annexed.
渐渐地，英国，阿拉伯和相当于今天的罗马尼亚地区的达契亚都被并入了罗马帝国 同时罗马也吞并了少数附庸国。
For the most part though Rome focused upon developing internal stability.
但是罗马最主要的还是着重于国内的稳定。
More and more provincials won the full Roman citizenship and many of the more enterprising provincials actually found their way to Rome, which had become virtually the capital of the Mediterranean world.
越来越多的行省获得了完全的罗马公民权，而一些更进取的行省事实上也找到了通向罗马的大路，当时罗马已经成了地中海世界的首都。
