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But even there, there're times when you can be surprised, by the way parties there and their candidates campaigned
但你可能会对一些大选中两党及其候选人竞选的方式和立场感到惊讶
Other aspects as liberal conservative ideology are all over the map changing from period to period
至于是自由还是保守，两党的选择一直在变
There certainly were times when democratic party was more conservative by many measures than the republican party
历史上的确有过民主党比共和党在很多方面都更保守的时候
So we see the shifting ideology landscape shifting underneath
所以我们看到两党意识形态的变化，根本上的改变
The feed of the political parties which sometimes can lead to some confusions
政党的费用来源也一直是个谜
as to which party is in favor which position what areas they got their support from
这与支持他们的人的地位和青睐他们的地区有关
One thing that we can certainly see is that there are enduring geographical patterns to U.S presidential campaigns
一个可以确定的事实是美国总统选情有固定的地理分布
At the largest scale, the pattern has been one of north versus south
范围最大时曾形成南北对抗的格局
With the center states mid-Atlantic states and then into the states
而一些中部州、大西洋中岸的州和伊利诺伊
like Illinois, Indiana and Ohio had in sort of a swing position
印第安纳，俄亥俄等州则在两党间摇摆
that's very long standing
这种格局存在了很久
and then the west has often occupied its own position
西部常常自成一派
sometimes allying itself with the south
, sometimes a little bit with the north and sometimes disappearing
有时与南部联合，有时又拉拢北方各州，也曾瓦解
Sometimes forming a region of its own
而后又形成统一的区域
There are periods in the U.S. electoral history when there has been strong differeciation by region
美国大选的历史上曾有过地域间形成强烈差异的时期
Political scientists called it the sectionalism
政治学家将其称为派系主义
Geographers would more tend to call it regionalism
地理学家将其称为地方主义
