概念先行
so可用作副词和连词:作连词,可译作“所以;那么”;作副词,可译作“这样地;像……一样;(……也)正是那样”。
So作为连词的使用
作连词时,意为“因此,所以” 引导 目的或结果状语从句。如:
I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time.
我打算乘早班公共汽车,以便及时赶到那里。(目的状语从句)
I took an early bus so that I got there in time.
我乘了早班公共汽车,及时赶到了那里。(结果状语从句)
So作为副词的使用
1. so通常置于所修饰的形容词副词之前,so修饰“a(an)+形容词+名词”时,排列顺序为“so+形容词+a(an)+名词”。如:
I've never seen so amusing a film.
我从没看过如此精彩的电影
This is so multi-step a process that everyone was taken by shock.
这是一个极其复杂的过程,每个人都为之震惊。
注意:与such的区别,即such修饰“a(an)+形容词+名词”,排列顺序为such +a(an)+形容词+名词。
I've never seen such a beautiful and tranquil lake.
我从未见过这么美丽而平静的湖。
注意:a, an置于such之后,但no, any, some, all, many等则置于such之前。
I've heard of some such rumors.
我听到过一些这样的谣传。
2. so+系动词(助动词或情态动词)+另一主语。此句型是主谓倒装结构,表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语。其中so作“也这样;也如此”解。此时要注意:so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致。如:
I enjoy reading the book and so does my wife.
我喜欢看这本书,我的妻子也喜欢。
Time moved on and so did we.
时间在前行,我们也在前进。
注意:so用于肯定句,否定句则用neither。如:
I have no doubt, and neither does he.
我没有疑问,他也没有。(我很肯定,他也很肯定。)
Elizabeth Blackwell never married. Neither did her sisters.
伊丽莎白?布莱克威尔终生未婚,她的姐妹们也是。
3. so +主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)。此句型的主语与前一句的主语相同,因而主谓不倒装。这种句型表示说话者对前句所提到的情况或事实表示赞同,其中so作“不错;确实如此”解。
-It is cold today. 今天天气很冷。
-So it is. 不错,是很冷。
-He studies hard. 他学习很努力。
-So he does. 确实如此。
The man did not want to go, but neither did he want to oppose his wife, so he went back to the sea.
渔夫还是不太愿意去,可又不想惹他妻子生气,于是,就去了海边。
4. 主语+表示看法、意见等动词+so。在此句型中,so只用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,等于代替肯定的名词性从句,可与believe, imagine, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think等动词及I'm afraid连用。
-Is he going to study abroad?
他打算去留学吗?
-I believe so. (=I believe (that)he is going to study abroad. )
我想是的。
-"Sure? "
“肯定吗?”
-"I guess so. Nothing else seems to make much sense. "
“我看也只好算肯定了,别的事情更不可能了。”
5. 主语+do+so。在此句型中,so和动词do连用,可用来替代上文出现过的动宾和动状结构,以避免重复。
-Have you handed in your homework?
你的作业交了没有?
-I did so yesterday. (did so = handed in my homework. )
(动宾结构)我的作业交了。
-Jack can jump over the fence.
杰克能跳过这个栅栏。
-I'm not sure whether David can do so. (do so = jump over the fence. )
(动状结构)戴维能不能做,我没把握。