宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1. 宾语从句的连接词
(1)从属连词that, if, whether
需要注意区分的是:that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。例如:
He told me that he would go to the college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
I don't know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
(2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever
需要注意的是:连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever,whichever 除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。例如:
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么?
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Galaxy Note 7 or iPhone 7?
你决定好是买三星7还是iPhone 7了吗?
2. 哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
(1)表达人主观意见的动词
add, agree, announce, argue, assume, complain, decide, hold, indicate, insist, intend, learn, promise, point out, remark, suggest, state 等之后的宾语从句的引导词that需保留。例如:
I complained that I had been unfairly treated.
我抱怨说自己受到了不公平的对待。
(2)及物动词+两个及以上宾语从句
及物动词后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,最后一个从句的that不可省略。例如:
I realize that I'm in charge and that everybody accepts my leadership.
我意识到要对这一切负责,并且每个人都要听从我的领导。
(3)动词+双宾语
当动词后跟有复合宾语结构时,it作形式宾语,that从句作真正宾语,引导词that不可省略。例如:
We consider it an honor that we can have the pleasure of serving you.
为您效劳真是我们的荣幸。
(4)出现插入语
当动词和that从句之间有插入语时,that不可省略。例如:
The secretary said, pleasantly and sternly, that our thinking was too slow to suit the needs of modern society.
书记语重心长地说,我们的思维已落后于现代社会的需求。
(5)状语紧跟that
当that从句的状语紧跟在that之后时,that不可省略。例如:
They told us that once again the situation was serious.
They told us once again that the situation was serious.
他们再次告诉我们情况十分严重。