动名词的功能
动名词是什么?动词ing形式的一种,由动词演变而来,兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词与现在分词在句中相同用法下含义的区别
一、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语
动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语,动名词作表语时,主语和表语是概念与内容的关系。现在分词作表语,主要是表示情绪、状态和品质的词。
(1)动名词用作表语
Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是绘画。
The pastime is going to movies.
他们的消遣是看电影。
One of her duties is keeping the department files.
她的任务之一是管理部门的档案。
(2)现在分词用作表语
The dirty street is disgusting.
那条肮脏的街道令人厌恶。(表情绪)
The photograph is missing.
那张照片不见了。(表状态)
That cake looks tempting.
那块蛋糕很诱人。(表品质)
二、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作,也可以说,现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质,两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。
(1)动名词作定语,动名词表性质或用途或功能
flying suit (a suit one wears when flying) (飞行服)
swimming pool (游泳池)
drinking water (饮用水)
swimming suit (游泳衣)
waiting room (候车室)
sleeping bag (睡袋)
parking lot (停车场)
sleeping pill (安眠药)
parking meter (停车计时)
writing desk (写字桌)
sewing machine (缝纫机)
writing paper (信纸)
operating table (手术室)
diving suit (潜水衣)
reading room (阅览室)
(2)现在分词作定语:
flying sauces (飞碟)
a booming town (日渐繁荣的城镇)
sleeping beauty (睡美人)
increasing demand (日益增长的需求)
the existing condition (现有条件)
running water (自来水)
a living language (活的语言)
the prevailing fashion (盛行的时装)
a shining example (光辉的榜样)
lasting peace (持久的和平)
a falling star (流星)
the leading newspapers (主要报纸)
developing countries (发展中国家)
the working personnel (员工)
三、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语
动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语,但现在分词用作宾语补语时,与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词,如:smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外,有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有,作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as,前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of 等。现在分词用作主语补语,多用在被动结构中,与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。
(1)动名词用作补语
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。
This is called turning things upside down.
这叫做把事物颠倒了。
2)现在分词用作补语
We found him waiting to receive us.
我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
We kept the fire burning all the time.
我们使火一直燃烧着。
They described the young man as having initiative and drive.
他们说这青年积极肯干。
He was seen going upstairs.
有人看见他上楼。
四、动名词与现在分词在读音上的区别
动名词的重音在动名词上
a ‘sleeping car
现在分词的重音在所修饰的名词上
a sleeping ‘child