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If you weren't a noble, you were a serf.
如果你不是贵族，那么你就是农奴
The serfs could only be owned by nobleman.
农奴只能被贵族拥有
But in return for the right to own serfs, nobleman had to serve in the Tsarist army.
但是作为享有拥有农奴的权利的回报，贵族们必须在俄国军队服役
The two major military events of Alexei's reign were the Polish War and the Stenka Razin Revolt.
阿列克谢统治期间的两次重大军事事件，分别是波兰战争和哥萨克起义
The Polish War sprang out of Bogdan Khmelnitsky's 1648 Cossack Revolt against Polish control.
波兰战争是由于1648年哥萨克首领，博格丹·赫梅利尼茨基领导的反抗波兰的起义引起的
In 1653, with the Zemsky Sobor's consent,
1653年，经过缙绅会议商议
Alexei dispatched troops to take as much Polish territory as possible, always gathering the lands.
阿列克谢调遣了军队去抢占波兰领土，也就是聚集土地
Meanwhile, the Swedes jumped into the fight against the Ukrainian Cossacks.
同时，瑞典人也与乌克兰的哥萨克人开火了
Desperate for help, the Cossacks signed a treaty of Piraeus Slav in 1654.
由于迫切需要帮助，哥萨克人于1654年签订了比雷埃夫斯·斯拉夫条约
In return for Russian protection, the Cossacks acknowledges Russian overlordship over Ukraine.
为了回报俄罗斯给与的保护，哥萨克人承认俄国成为乌克兰的霸主
Interestingly enough, Russia and Ukraine are still arguing furiously over what this treaty really meant.
有趣的是，俄罗斯帝国和乌克兰还一直疯狂地争议这个条约真正的含义
In 1656, Alexei declared war on Sweden.
1656年，阿列克谢向瑞典宣战
Seizing the opportunity to regroup, Poland attacked Russia. Finally in 1670, the three waring powers made peace.
波兰抓住了重组的机会，袭击了俄罗斯，直到1670年这三个参战国才讲和休战
Russia had come out ahead on territory,
俄罗斯在领土上最占优势
but the Russian peasants were tired of having to fight the war in the army, and having to pay for the war through their taxes.
但是俄罗斯农民们已经厌倦了战事，而且也不堪忍受为战争纳税
