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Segment 18d: Russia as a European Power.
章节18d：欧洲强国俄罗斯
Peter the Great made Russia a full fledged European power.
彼得大帝把俄国变成了一个强大的欧洲帝国
He had streamlined the imperial bureaucracy, but even so Russia was an enormous country.
他改良了帝国的政府机构，但是即使如此，俄国还是一个庞大的国家
The farther out the Russian Empire reached, the more likely it was that the actual ruling was done by the local nobility.
国土越是庞大，那么实际的权力就越可能掌握在当地人手中
The military was strong and usually victorious,
军事实力很强大
provided that the lines of supply did not get too long as often happened when fighting the Ottoman Empire.
只要供给线不要拉太长一般都会凯旋，比如在攻打奥斯曼土耳其的时候就经常会发生那样的事
The army was also very expensive to maintain whether or not it was being used.
但是维持一个军队耗资巨大，不论出兵与否都一样
Most importantly, Russia was now economically and diplomatically a part of Western society.
更重要的是，俄罗斯从经济上来说，已经属于西方社会的一部分了
Through Peter's support, Russian industry was growing fast, even though it was geared almost completely to military production.
通过彼得的支持，俄国的工业迅速发展，尽管主要发展的是军事产品
To keep pace with the other European powers, Peter founded colleges devoted to navigation, to medicine, and to science. Science!
为了跟上其他的欧洲国家，彼得成立了航海大学，医科大学，还有科学大学
To educate the Russian upper classes of their nation's public affairs, Peter also established Russia's first newspaper.
让俄罗斯上层阶级的人们学习怎样处理国家事务，彼得还创立了俄罗斯第一份报纸
And as the heart of their reoriented Russian empire, he commissioned the building of the beautiful city of St. Petersburg.
作为重新调整的俄罗斯帝国的中心，他又命人建造美丽的圣彼得堡
Yet these advantages had come at a cost.
但是这一切是要付出代价的
