【视频讲解】

On the horns
Saving the rhino means understanding supply and demand for its horn.
在犀牛角交易的事情上，应该从供需关系来分析。
A dead rhino, with a bloody stump in place of its horn, means different things.
在犀牛角的被割掉后，剩下的就是一滩血腥但死亡的犀牛；（对于不同的人）这也意味着不同的东西
Rhino 犀牛
Horn 角
On the horns
1. 犀牛的事情
2. 号角；喇叭
I don't know why the driver keeps riding on the horn.
我不晓得他为什么始终按喇叭。
stump
1. 残余部分
If you have a tree stump, check it for fungus.
如果你有一个树桩，就在上面找找菌类。
2. 把…难住
Diamond is stumped by an unexpected question.
戴蒙德被一个意想不到的问题难住了。
3, 作巡回政治演说
Since September, the president has stumped for Republicans in 20 states.

自9月以来，这位总统已在20个州为共和党人作了巡回政治演说。

For the species it is the danger of imminent extinction; for wildlife-lovers it is barbarism; forlaw-enforcers it is failure.
犀牛有即将灭绝的危险；对于野生动物爱好者，这是野蛮行为，对于执法者来说，这是执法失败。
imminent (尤指不好的事情) 即将发生的
There appeared no imminent danger.
眼前似乎没有危险。
Barbarism 野蛮行为
We do not ask for the death penalty: barbarism must not be met with barbarism.
我们并不要求死刑：不能以暴制暴。
Enforcer 执行者
law-enforcer 执法人员
an enforcer for a drugs gang
贩毒集团的打手

For its poachers it means income; the horn will be exported illegally to fetch tens of thousands of dollars. For economists, it means market forces are at work.
对于偷猎者而言，这就是收入，犀牛角可以出口换大量美金。对于经济学家而言，市场起到了作用
at work 在起作用
Genes could be at work too, as both IQ and mental health are often shaped by family history.
基因也可能会起作用，因为智商和精神健康经常是由家族史决定的。
Poach =》 poacher
1. 偷猎
Many national parks set up to provide a refuge for wildlife are regularly invaded by people poaching game.
很多旨在为野生动物提供庇护的国家公园经常受到偷猎者的入侵。
2. 水煮，烹：在煮沸的液体中烹调，或在热水中煮：
Poach the fish in wine.
以酒烹调鱼
和烹饪相关单词
Fry 炒，煎，炸
fried chicken 炸鸡
Roast 烤
a large piece of roasted meat 大块烤肉
Grill 烤
Stew 炖
beef stew 炖牛肉
Steam 蒸
steamed broccoli 蒸西兰花
Mince 绞碎
minced lamb 碎羔羊肉
Dice 切小块
diced carrots 切成丁的胡萝卜
Shred 切丝
shredded cabbage 卷心菜丝
Whip 搅拌
Whip the eggs 打鸡蛋
Grate 磨碎
grate the potatoes 把马铃薯磨碎
Peel 剥皮
Peel the potatoes 把马铃薯去皮

South Africa is in the throes of a poaching epidemic. Official figures show poachers killed 1,054 rhinos in 2016, up from just 13 in 2007.
南非正为偷猎盛行而烦恼。官方数字表明，2016年，偷猎者杀死1054头犀牛，比2007年还多杀了13头
Throes 困境; 痛苦
...when the country was going through the final throes of civil war.
...当时这个国家正处在内战最后的痛苦关头。
epidemic
1. (疾病的) 流行
A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow.
一场流感正席卷莫斯科。
2. 盛行
...an epidemic of serial killings.
…连环谋杀的盛行。

In Kruger National Park, home to the world’s largest rhino population, numbers are dropping despite a fall in recorded poaching incidents.
在犀牛最大的家园克鲁格国家公园中，尽管偷猎现象有所见山，但是犀牛数量一直在下降
Fall apart 破坏；倒塌：
He fell apart after years as a POW.
作战俘多年，他崩溃了
fall for
1. 爱上
He was fantastically handsome – I just fell for him right away.
他帅极了–我对他简直就是一见钟情。
2, 被骗
It was just a line to get you out here, and you fell for it!
那只是一个让你到这儿来的谎言，你被骗了！
fall on 或 upon
1. 攻击：突然猛烈地打击
Snipers and irregulars fell on the hapless patrol.
狙击兵和非正规军袭击了巡逻队
2. 遭遇
a stockbroker who fell on hard times.
股票经纪人处于困难时期
fall on deaf ears
完全忽视
“Moscow's own familiar charges . . . will also fall on deaf ears”(Foreign Affairs)
“莫斯科自己熟悉的职责也被忽视了”(外交事务)
fall over backwards
过度加压：强迫自己做或完成某任务
We fell over backward to complete the project on time.
我们给自己加压争取准时完成计划
fall over (oneself)
过度地表现出狂热，尤指感情横溢的：
fell over themselves to impress the general's wife
他们争相给将军夫人留下深刻的印象

Tom Milliken of TRAFFIC , a wildlife-trade monitoring network, worries that poachers have become better at hiding the carcasses. The problem is international.
Tom Milliken是野生动物交易监测网的专家。他担心，偷猎者会更擅长于掩藏尸体。现在这个问题是国际性！
TRAFFIC = the wildlife trade monitoring network
野生动物交易监测网
Carcass 动物尸体
A cluster of vultures crouched on the carcass of a dead buffalo.
一群秃鹫伏在一头水牛的尸体上啄食。

The rhino-horn supply-chain sprawls from South Africa, home to nearly three-quarters of the world’s rhinos, to Asia, and in particular to Vietnam, where rhino horn is coveted as medicine, prescribed for fevers, alcohol dependency and even cancer.
犀牛角的供应链从南非（有世界上四分之三犀牛）到亚洲，尤其是亚洲的越南。在越南，犀牛角是非常理想药材，用来治疗发烧，戒酒，甚至癌症！
Sprawl
1. 伸开四肢坐着; 摊开四肢躺着
She sprawled on the bed as he had left her, not even moving to cover herself up.
他离开她后，她摊开四肢躺在床上，甚至懒得动动把自己盖上。
2. 延伸
The whole urban sprawl contains over 2 million people.
整个城区总共容纳了200万以上的人口。
Coveted 令人垂涎的
Allan Little from Radio 4 took the coveted title of reporter of the year.
第4电台的艾伦•利特尔获得了令人垂涎的年度记者的头衔。

Prohibitionists call for better law-enforcement. Demand for rhino horn in China, they point out, fell sharply after the government banned its use in 1993. In the rhino’s homelands, they say, extra patrols, fences and harsher penalties have helped curb poaching in the past couple of years.
禁杀主义者呼呼更好的法律执行者。他们指出，在1993年禁止犀牛角使用，中国的需求明显下降。近些年，在犀牛的家园，增加额外的巡逻队，栅栏以及更加严厉的惩罚等遏制偷猎。
Patrol 在…巡逻
Prison officers continued to patrol the grounds within the jail.
狱警们继续在监狱内的场地里巡逻。,
Fence
1. 栅栏
2. 保持中立
They are sitting on the fence and refusing to commit themselves.
他们保持中立，拒绝明确表态。
Curb 限制
He called for much stricter curbs on immigration.
他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。

But some argue the trade ban might actually be making the problem worse. Restricted supply pushes up prices and pulls in poachers. Private rhino-ranchers argue that if they could sell their stocks of horn, they could undercut the illegal trade.
但也有人说，禁令可能会使得事情更糟。限制供应会使得价格上涨，吸引偷猎者。私人饲养犀牛者说，如果他们能卖掉一堆的犀牛角，他们会使得非法交易下降
Pull 吸引
The organizers have to employ performers to pull a crowd.
那些组织者不得不雇表演者来吸引群众。
pull in 停下
He pulled in at the side of the road.
他将车停在路旁。
Undercut 以低于…的价格出售
Subsidies allow growers to undercut competitors and depress world prices.
补贴使得种植者能以低于竞争对手的价格出售并压低世界价格。

Some already chop off their rhinos' horns to make them worthless to poachers. Unlike elephant ivory, rhino horn grows back after a few years.
有些人已经切掉犀牛角，使得他们对于偷猎者毫无价值。和象牙不同，犀牛角会几年后重新长出来。
chop off 割掉
She chopped off her golden, waist-length hair.
她剪掉了她那齐腰长的金发。
- Less 反义后缀
Hopeless 毫无希望
shirtless 赤膊的
tireless 不知疲惫
Selfless 无私的
注意！也有加上less不是反义
Priceless 无价的

Michael Knight, who chairs a specialist group on rhino sat the International Union for Conservation of Nature, an NGO , worries that, if rhino-horn sales remain illegal, ranchers will switch to cattle.
迈克尔，奈特是犀牛国际保护委员会的专家委员会主席；他担心，如果犀牛交易依然非法，那么犀牛的饲养者会不养了，转而去养牛！
Chair 担任 (会议、委员会) 主席
He was about to chair a meeting in Venice of E.U. foreign ministers.
他将担任威尼斯欧盟外交部长会议的主席 。
Ranch 大牧场 => Rancher 农场主
He lives on a cattle ranch in Texas.
他住在德克萨斯州的一个养牛的大牧场里。

They bear the cost of security. Poachers make the money. But by seeming to normalize rhino horn use, legalisation might boost demand along with supply.
他们需要承担安全成本。偷猎者挣钱，但是通过正常化犀牛角的使用，立法者可以在供应确保的情况下鼓励需求。
bear the cost 承担费用
In developing countries in particular, health and safety regulations will have to carefully deliberate who should bear cost burden of regulatory testing.
特别是在发展中国家，将需要仔细讨论卫生和安全管理规定中谁应该承担管理测试的成本
bear, endure, stand, abide, suffer, tolerate 忍受的意思
Bear 更多地适用于承受的能力：
“Man performs, engenders, so much more than he can or should have to bear. That's how he finds that he can bear anything” (William Faulkner).
“人类所做的和引起的事情远远比他能够或必须承受的要多得多。那就是他如何发现了他能够忍受一切” （威廉•福克纳）。
Endure 尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力：
“Human life is everywhere a state in which much is to be endured and little to be enjoyed” (Samuel Johnson).
“无论在何处，人类生活总是忍受的苦难多，享受的欢乐少” （塞缪尔•约翰逊）。
Stand 指精神上坚毅，有决心：
Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't perform in public.
受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。
Abide 及语气更强烈的suffer 指顺从、听任、容忍、自制：
He suffered their insults in silence.
他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。
Tolerate 主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意：
“A decent . . . examination of the acts of government should be not only tolerated, but encouraged” (William Henry Harrison).
“对于政府就工作而做的正当检查，我们不仅应该认可，而且应该鼓励”（威廉•亨利•哈里森）