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There are thousands of refugees entering Bangladesh every day.
每天，成千上万的难民涌入孟加拉国
They cross the border of Myanmar
他们越过缅甸边境
where the state military has launched a violent offensive against an ethnic minority group –the Rohingya.
而就在那里，缅甸军方对少数民族——罗兴亚族进行了残忍的迫害
The UN reported that since August 2017
据联合国报道，2017年八月以来，
about 400,000 Rohingya men women and children have fled their homes in Myanmar's Rakhine State.
将近40万的罗兴亚男女及小孩逃离了家乡若开邦
Reports claimed that the military has been killing and raping the Rohingya
据报道，缅甸军方不仅杀害、强奸了罗兴亚人
and has set their villages on fire.
还放火烧了他们的村庄
Satellite imagery showing burned villages confirms those reports.
卫星图像里燃烧的村庄图像佐证了这类报道
Because Myanmar has refused access to human rights investigators,
缅甸拒绝接受人权调查
the current situation cannot yet be fully assessed
所以目前的情况还无法完全统计
but the situation remains or seems a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.
但仍旧，似乎可以当做种族清洗的一个教科书式的案例
The term ethnic cleansing has been reserved for some of the worst atrocities in history.
“种族清洗”这一术语一直以来都是用来形容历史上发生的最残酷的暴行的
The UN defines it as a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group
联合国将其定义为一个种族或宗教集团有意推出的一项政策，
to remove by violent and terror inspiring means
通过暴力或恐怖手段，
the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.
将另一个种族或宗教集团的百姓从某个地区驱逐出去
What makes Myanmar a textbook example
缅甸之所以成为教科书式的案例
is that the military has been launching attacks on the Rohingya –
是因为缅甸军方对罗兴亚人进行了迫害——
a Muslim minority in a majority Buddhist country.
因为缅甸人大多信佛，而罗兴亚人是信奉穆斯林的少数民族
Violent tactics have forced tens of thousands of Rohingya to flee their homes.
各种暴力政策迫使数万罗兴亚人逃离他们的家乡
While many fled to Malaysia and Thailand, most ended up in Bangladesh.
尽管逃往马来西亚和泰国的人很多，但大部分罗兴亚人最后还是去了孟加拉国
The recent wave of violence is the latest in a pattern of discrimination that started over 50 years ago.
这种歧视多年前就已经出现了，前不久的暴乱是最近的一次
In 1962, Myanmar – then called Burma – was taken over by the military in a coup.
1962年，缅甸——那个时候还叫Burma——在一次政变中落入了军方的控制
They got rid of the country's constitution and created a military junta.
他们废除了宪法，成立了军事团体
Like many dictatorships they promoted fierce nationalism
同许多独裁统治一样，他们推崇激进的民族主义
based on the country's Buddhist identity
靠着缅甸是佛教国家这一身份
and when they needed a common enemy to help unite the population
为了统一国家，他们要找一个共同的敌人
the Rohingya were singled out as a threat.
罗兴亚人就这样被树立成了缅甸人的威胁
Tensions between the Burmese Buddhist population and the Rohingya
缅甸的佛教徒和罗兴亚人之间的冲突
go back to the Second World War when each group supported opposing sides.
可以追溯到二战时期，那时双方分别支持了敌对的两派
The Rohingya sided with the British colonialists who ruled the country
罗兴亚人支持的是当时控制缅甸的英国殖民主义者
and the Buddhists mostly sided with the Japanese invaders
佛教徒则大多支持日本侵略者
hoping they'd help end the British rule after the war.
企图日本能够在战后支持他们结束英国的统治
But even in modern Myanmar, the Rohingya minority continued to be an easy target.
然而即使是在近代，罗兴亚族仍然很容易成为针对目标
Although their lineage can be traced back to 15th century Burma,
尽管罗兴亚人的血统可以追溯到世纪的缅甸人
the government has been forcing them out,
缅甸政府仍然一直在把他们往外赶，
claiming their illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.
声称他们是从孟加拉过来的非法移民
It started in 1978 after a massive crackdown called Operation Dragon King
1978年，缅甸爆发了一个大规模镇压罗兴亚人的行动，史称“龙王”行动，
forced about 200,000 Rohingya to flee to Bangladesh.
驱逐罗兴亚人的行动由此拉开了序幕，目前已有将近20万罗兴亚人逃往孟加拉国
The military reportedly used violence and rape to drive them out.
据报道，缅甸军方通过暴力或强暴等手段赶走罗兴亚人
About a hundred and seventy thousand Rohingya reportedly returned to Burma.
但有将近170万罗兴亚人又回到了缅甸
Then in 1982, the government passed the Citizenship Act recognizing 135 ethnic groups.
1982年，缅甸政府通过了《公民权法案》，承认了135个少数民族的地位
The Rohingya, with a population of about 1 million,
有着将近100万人口的罗兴亚人
were not on the list and became a stateless people.
却并不在其列，他们成了无国籍人口
In 1991, Myanmar's military launched another campaign literally called "Operation clean and beautiful nation".
1991年，缅甸军方又发动了一起名为“清洁美丽国家行动”的运动
This time about 250,000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh.
这一次，大约25万罗兴亚人逃去了孟加拉国
Tensions continued to build against the Rohingya in the 2000s.
21世纪以后，针对罗兴亚人的冲突仍在继续
Violence broke out in 2012
2012年，缅甸再次爆发了暴力事件
when four Muslim men were accused of raping and killing a buddhist woman in Rakhine.
四名穆斯林男性被指控在若开邦奸杀了一名女性佛教徒
Buddhist nationalist backed by security forces attacked Muslim neighborhoods,
有安保部队撑腰的佛教民族主义者袭击了多个穆斯林社区
burned homes, displacing tens of thousands of Rohingya again.
还烧了他们的家，致使数万罗兴亚人再次无家可归
Human Rights Watch deemed it an ethnic cleansing campaign.
人权观察组织认为这是一起种族清洗行动
By this point the Rohingya were persecuted, disenfranchised and stateless.
到目前为止，罗兴亚人遭到了迫害、剥夺公民权和剥夺国籍等不公待遇
In 2016, a Rohingya militant group, the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army
2016年，一个名为“若开罗兴亚救世军”的罗兴亚武装团体
emerged and coordinated small-scale attacks on border police stations.
出现在缅甸边境的警察局并发动了小规模的袭击
An attack on August 25th 2017 left 12 police officers dead
2017年8月25日的一次袭击造成了12名警察死亡
and sparked the current crisis against Rohingya civilians.
也诱发了当前针对罗兴亚人的危机
A brutal retaliation by the state security forces has led to about 400 deaths
缅甸安保部队发动野蛮报复，杀害了400个罗兴亚人
and the mass exodus of about 400,000 Rohingya to Bangladesh.
将近40万罗兴亚人被迫逃往孟加拉国
Since the August attack, 210 villages have been burned to the ground.
八月份的袭击以来，210个罗兴亚村庄被夷为平地
The violent campaign has triggered the fastest growing humanitarian crisis in recent years,
这一暴力行动诱发了近年来缅甸爆发最为迅速的一次人权危机
but Myanmar's de facto leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Ky
然而，缅甸的实际领导者，诺贝尔和平奖获得者昂山素季
has barely acknowledged the attacks.
对这些攻击几乎还蒙在鼓里
More than 50% of the villages of Muslims are intact
大部分的穆斯林村落还是完好无损的
they are as they were before the attacks took place.
它们还是被袭击前的样子
When she says that, you know,
当她说，你知道吗，
50% are gone. 50% are burnt out. You know
若开邦50%的穆斯林村庄都还在的时候
wel,l I mean, what are we talking about?
好吧，我是说，我们到底在说什么？
50% are gone. 50% are burnt out. You know
另外50%的村落都没了，都被烧成灰了你知道吗
In any school I went to, 50% is a failing grade.
我去过的所有学校中，50%都是不合格的
Recent reports claimed that the military has planted landmines along the Bangladesh border
最近又报道说，缅甸军方在孟加拉国的边境埋了地雷
to prevent the Rohingya from returning.
防止罗兴亚人回到缅甸
Myanmar's government has systematically driven the Rohingya out of the country.
缅甸政府系统地将罗兴亚人赶出了缅甸
Over the last five decades, it has stripped their citizenship,
在过去的五十年里，缅甸政府剥夺了他们的公民权
terrorized them and destroyed their homes,
恐吓他们，毁他们的家园
and now it wants to keep them from ever coming back.
现在，它还企图让他们永远无法回到自己的祖国
