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What do we call people with no conscience who seemed to have absolute disregard to other people, society and societal rules?
我们怎么称呼那些没有道德心，不尊重他人、社会以及不遵守社会规则的人呢？
The usual Psychopaths and Sociopaths.
通常称之为精神病态者以及反社会者。
You must be thinking Buffalo Bill, Patrick Batum, Hannibal Lecter, John Doe, the Joker and the list goes on.
你一定联想到了水牛比尔、帕特里克 巴图姆 、汉尼拔·莱克特、某约翰、小丑等等。
If Hollywood is in your cup of tea then images of Ted Bundy,
如果你喜欢好莱坞电影，那么泰德.邦迪、
Jeffrey Dahmer and Charles Manson definitely pop into your head.
杰夫瑞.达莫以及查尔斯·曼森的画面绝对会跳入你的脑中。
You're right to think so but these are not the most accurate and rather realistic examples.
想到这些也没错，但是这些都不是最准确最真实的例子。
Actually there might be examples that you might know of on a personal level.
事实上从个人角度来看，这类人可能是你认识的人。
Psychopathy and sociopathy are perhaps two of the most confused terms in the field of psychology and criminology.
精神病态者以及反社会者大概是心理学和犯罪学领域最容易被弄混淆的两类。
While these terms sound very similar, they do in fact differ in characteristics.
虽然这些术语听起来很相似，但事实上他们有着不同的特征。
Both disorders are categorized as antisocial personality disorders as they share major characteristics,
由于大部分特征相似，这两类症状通常都被归为反社会型人格障碍，
although many experts disagree on the significance of these differences.
虽然很多专家都对这些不同特征的意义有着不同的见解。
Dr. Scott A. Bonn offers a compelling hypothesis that psychopathy is a result of genetics or sociopathy is a learned behavior
Dr. Scott A. Bonn 的一项引人注目的假设提出精神病态者是基因所致而反社会者是习得行为者
because sociopaths do have the ability to feel empathy as well as form emotional attachments to certain people.
因为反社会者确实有感受同情以及对某类人形成情感依附的能力。
He suggests childhood trauma and physical or emotional abuse are possible causes associated habits.
他暗示童年创伤以及身体情感上的虐待是相关习惯的诱因。
So is it possible that you might personally know a sociopath? Unfortunately, it is.
所以有没有可能你认识的人中有一名反社会者呢？不幸的是，有可能。
Here are five signs of sociopaths that will tell you if you might have met a sociopath but just don't know.
以下五种反社会者迹象将为你解答你是否遇上了反社会者，只是你不知道而已。
One, they have a grandiose sense of self.
1. 他们有着非常浮夸的自我感知。
Sociopaths tend to entitle themselves to certain things and claim them as their own,
反社会者易于赋予自己某些事情的权利并占为己有，
as they think it is their right to do so.
因为他们认为这么做是他们的权利。
When confronted, they do not find anything wrong with their actions or themselves,
当遭遇问题时，他们不会在他们行为或自己身上找原因，
they can even turn tables to manipulatively make it seem like others are the selfish ones.
他们会巧妙地让这一切看起来都是由别人的自私造成的。
This sense of self-righteousness is supported by their artificial charm
这种自以为是感来自于他们虚伪的魅力
which in turn stems from the manipulation resulting in a loop of characteristics.
而这种虚伪的魅力源于导致特性循环的操纵之中。
Although they do appear quite attractive personality wise,
虽然他们确实表现出了相当吸引人的人格智慧，
they are in fact domineering and considered others as mere instruments to be used for self-indulgence.
但事实上他们专横跋扈，他们把别人仅当做放纵任性的工具。
On the business level, they are highly authoritarian.
从商业角度来看，他们是极度的独裁主义者。
Sometimes even tyrannical when given the opportunity.
只要有机会，他们甚至会变得残暴。
Two, they are mischievous, cunning or have behavioral problems.
2. 他们喜欢恶作剧、狡猾或有行为问题。
Usually sociopaths have a history of behavioral and/or academic trouble
通常反社会者有一大堆行为和/或学业上的问题
but only in rare cases are they in trouble with the law
但只有极个别案例显示他们涉及法律问题。
A sociopath lies so often it becomes part of their personality.
反社会者经常撒谎，撒谎变成了他们性格的一部分。
They are extremely cunning and know how to easily convince people,
他们极其狡猾，知道如何轻易说服别人，
however, they have difficulties in making and keeping friends.
然而他们却很难交朋友、维系友谊。
The compassion of sociopaths demonstrates is usually stimulated rather than felt and serves a certain motive.
反社会者展示的同情通常是受到了刺激不是感知并且符合某种动机。
Despite that they do actually have a sense of morality unlike Psychopaths
和精神病态者不同，反社会者确实有种道德感
but appear to be satisfied by their own antisocial behavior.
但是他们的道德感是通过做出反社会行为而得到满足。
Three, they are irresponsible or unreliable.
3. 他们不负责任或不可靠。
A sociopath is not interested in other's needs, lives or even safety
反社会者对别人的需求、生活乃至安全都不感兴趣，
and is oblivious to the damage they caused.
对自己造成的伤害也毫不在意。
Sometimes they aren't even concerned about their own safety.
有时他们甚至都不在乎自己的安全。
On the personal level, when in trouble they tend to quickly accuse someone else of being guilty
从个人角度讲，当遇上麻烦时，他们擅长迅速指控他人的罪责
even when the action is of their own doing.
即使这件事是他们自己做的。
On both the personal and business levels, they fail to plan ahead,
就个人层面和商业层面来讲，他们不会事先计划，
lack realistic visions for the future and exploit others for their own advantage without a second thought.
对未来缺乏现实愿景、他们会为了自己的利益而毫不犹豫的利用别人。
Four, they have poor behavioural controls or an impulsive nature.
4. 他们是糟糕的行为控制者或有冲动的本性。
When dealing with the sociopath you find yourself in a cycle of short periods of peaceful expressions
和反社会者打交道时，你会发现自己处于一个循环之中—— 短期的和平表述
followed by periods of rage that can sometimes develop into abuse
紧接着是可能发展成为辱骂的愤怒阶段
and once again followed by short periods of emotional and mental peace.
然后又再一次回到了短期的情绪和心理平静。
This cycle makes the abuse feel helpless.
这种循环让辱骂者感到无助。
Sociopaths have poor rage control issues, which repeated violent assaults on other people as well as if not especially on animals.
反社会者有着糟糕的愤怒控制问题，他们会反复的暴力攻击别人甚至是动物。
Sometimes a matter that would make a normal person angry would mean nothing to a sociopath
有时一个让正常人生气的问题可能对反社会者来说并没有什么
and yet matters which might be of no worth to a normal person can outrage a sociopath.
而对正常人来说不值一提的问题会激怒反社会者。
Five, they are unable to feel guilt, shame or remorse.
5. 他们感受不到内疚、羞耻或懊悔。
The ends justify the means is perhaps the most descriptive idiom of how sociopaths feel about their actions.
‘不择手段’也许是反社会者对他们行为的感受最好的描述。
When a sociopath has a certain goal in mind
当反社会者心中有目标时
they have no problem causing devastation to others as long as they can reach that outcome.
只要能达到目的，摧毁别人也在所不惜。
They won't let anything stand in their way and have no remorse.
他们不允许任何事阻碍他们，他们也没有懊悔之心。
This is because they have shallow emotions and lack empathy,in addition to having a grandiose sense of self.
这是因为除了浮夸的自我感知外，他们还有肤浅的情感以及缺乏同情，
Their lack of remorse and guilt stems from their ability to rationalize the pain they inflict on others,
他们缺乏懊悔和内疚感，这源于他们将施加给别人的痛苦合理化的能力，
an inability to empathize with the pain of their victims.
一种感受不到他们受害人的痛苦的无力。
So does anyone come to mind after listening to these traits? Let us know in the comments below.
所以听完这些特征后有没有想到谁呢？请在下方评论告诉我们。
If you liked this video, be sure to check out our other social media for more content
如果你喜欢这期视频，请通过其他平台观看更多内容
and we'd like to announce that Psych2go has now opened a Patreon,
我们很高兴的宣布Psych2go正式开通Patreon
check it out if you want to support our channel and don't forget to subscribe. Thanks for watching.
点击Patreon以表支持，不要忘记订阅哟。谢谢收看。
