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When the dirty job of party general secretary came up, Stalin was considered a perfect fit: not very bright, but very hard working.
当党总书记这个职位出现后，斯大林就再称职不过了，他不太聪明，但工作却很努力
But as Stalin appointed his supporters to the communist party's higher echelons,
但是随着斯大林把自己的支持者部署到了党的高级梯队
he basically created and established a patron-client network with himself at the very top.
他基本上织好了一个亲信网络，他自己就在最核心的位置上
Stalin's clients followed him faithfully through the maneuvers which finally put him in complete power by 1929.
斯大林的亲信衷心追随他通过军事演习，最终在1929年把他推向了权力的顶峰
Stalin rewarded his minions with higher pay and better living conditions, thereby founding the 'nomenklatura', the new Soviet ruling class.
斯大林给他最忠诚的追随者以丰厚的待遇，优越的生活环境，因此就形成了苏联新的统治阶级
2. Stalin vs. Trotsky
2.斯大林VS.托洛茨基
As every great empire needs an evil empire,
每个伟大帝国都会出现恐怖政权
so every crackpot dictator needs an evil person or an evil cause to help rouse and direct the hatred and fear of the masses.
因此每个独裁者都需要一个恶人或者一项邪恶的事业来帮助他们把憎恶和恐惧加于人民身上
The concept of socialism in one country and that of world revolution first had both been important in Lenin's day.
在一国发展社会主义以及世界革命，在列宁时代都很重要
But after Lenin's death, Stalin emphasized one, and Trotsky the other, out of mutual hatred.
但列宁逝世后，斯大林强调一点，托洛茨基则强调另一点，彼此憎恶
