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When you think of spacesuits, fashion probably isn't the first thing that comes to mind.
在想到太空服的时候，时尚感应该不是第一个映入脑海的要素。
Sure, they've done their job protecting astronauts, but spacesuits have also been big, bulky, and sometimes bright orange.
不可否认，太空服起到了保护宇航员的作用，但与此同时，太空服体积庞大，显得臃肿，有时候还是橙黄色的。
Well, if you've been waiting for the next big thing in space fashion, get ready, because Boeing is about to blow your mind. Meet Boeing Blue.
如果你一直在等太空服接下来的设计有什么突飞猛进的话，准备好哦，因为波音公司将惊艳你的视觉，推出波音蓝。
Boeing's new suit is designed for astronauts traveling in the Boeing Starliner,
波音新推出的这套太空服是为乘坐波音商业太空出租车Starliner的宇航员设计的，
a new crew capsule that will start transporting astronauts to the International Space Station next year.
Starliner是新型太空舱，明年将投入使用。
Instead of the big, awkward fishbowl helmets from previous designs, the suit has hoods with pressurized zippers,
新的太空服摒弃了之前像鱼缸一样的头盔设计，在兜帽上采用了加压拉链，
which are lighter and also give astronauts a wider field of view.
这样质量更轻，宇航员能获得的视野更广。
The new gloves also work on touch screens, which isn't available in current suits. It's totally legit.
这种新型手套在触摸屏上也能使用，但不适用于当前版本的太空服，这种设计堪称完美。
Boeing Blue is only designed to be worn inside the crew capsule, so it won't protect astronauts from hazards outside the capsule, like intense radiation.
波音蓝的设计只专注于保证在太空舱内不受到磨损，但无法保护宇航员不受到舱外危险状况的威胁，比如强辐射。
But it does protect them in case there's a fire or sudden depressurization in the Starliner.
不过，当期版本的太空还是可以保证宇航员在Starliner上不受到火灾和突然减压的影响。
Even though today's launch suits are effective, they're also bulky, puffy, and often plain uncomfortable.
虽然当前的太空服还是行之有效的，但也存在体型臃肿、让人不舒服的感觉。
But Boeing Blue is a step up: It's around 5 kilograms lighter and features more fabric around the joints for added motion.
而波音蓝就是一步改进：波音蓝的质量就轻了大约5千克，还有一个特点就是关节处使用的材料更多，可以让宇航员的活动范围更广。
It also has fewer zippers, which means it's easier to get in and out of, and the fabric keeps the suit at a cooler temperature, too.
波音蓝的拉链也少了许多，这样的话，进进出出就跟容易了，而且其使用的材料也让波音蓝的温度更低。
Also, let's be honest: who wouldn't want to be seen around the launch pad in one of these things?
此外，说句实话：谁不想发射升空的时候可以在众目睽睽之下穿得漂亮些呢？
I don't want to go to space but I do want to walk around a rocket wearing this suit.
虽然我本人不想去太空一游，但让我穿着波音蓝这样的服装在火箭上走动，我还是乐意的。
But at the end of the day, Boeing Blue has to do more than just look cool: it has to keep the astronauts safe.
最后一点，波音蓝并不只是个花瓶：它可以保证宇航员的安全。
Before they're certified for launch, the suits will undergo extensive testing to make sure they can withstand even the toughest emergency scenarios.
在得到可以发射升空的认证前，太空服要经过大量测试，来保证它们可以经受住最严酷的紧急情况。
But if all goes well, we're going to have some seriously cool-looking astronauts.
但如果一切顺利的话，我们将能够看到光鲜亮丽的宇航员了。
Back on the ground, two new studies from the journal Nature are helping us answer questions about how the Earth formed,
说说地面上的事儿吧：《自然》杂志上的两则研究帮助我们回答了一些问题，比如地球的形成过程，
how we got our water, and how we got the Moon.
水源的获得方式、月球是如何成为地球卫星的。
Until now, scientists thought the Earth was made from lots of different kinds of meteorites, including water-packed meteorites called carbonaceous chondrites.
目前为止，科学家的观点是：地球是由许多不同种类的陨石形成的，包括水含量丰富的陨石，碳质球粒陨石。
We used to think these watery rocks showed up right at the end of Earth's formation, where they delivered most of our water in a big rush.
过去我们一直以为这些水含量丰富的陨石是在地球形成过程最后才出现的，瞬间向地球提供了大部分水源。
But this theory wasn't perfect, and it also didn't explain the moon.
但理论并不是万能的，月球的情况就不符合理论。
Most astronomers think the moon formed when a huge, Mars-sized rock crashed into the Earth.
大多数天文学家认为，月球之所以会形成是因为有一块跟火星大小差不多的巨大陨石撞向了地球。
That makes sense, but it also means the moon should have a different composition than our planet,
这是说得通的，不过前提是月球的组成结构与地球不同，
it should look like a combination of Earth rocks and rocks from the impactor. But it doesn't.
应该是类似于地球岩石和碰撞块的混合体，但事实并非如此。
Earth and the moon are made of almost exactly the same stuff.
月球和地球的组成几乎完全一样
But according to these new studies, the Earth wasn't formed by all those carbonaceous chondrites and other meteorites.
不过，根据这些最新研究提供的信息，地球并不是由碳质球粒陨石等陨石形成的。
Instead, it was mostly formed by meteorites called enstatite chondrites.
相反，它几乎完全由顽火辉石球粒陨石组成。
These rocks get their name because they're high in the mineral enstatite, which is magnesium, silicon, and three oxygen atoms.
顽火辉石球粒陨石得名于它富含顽辉石，也就镁、硅和三类氧原子组成的化合物。
They're also pretty rare -- we only have around 200 samples.
顽辉石数量稀少——我们目前只有大约200个样本。
To figure out what was around while Earth formed, the researchers looked at the ratios of elements and their isotopes in Earth's rocks.
为了弄清楚地球形成时附近有什么，研究人员查看了地球岩石中元素及其同位素的比例。
Isotopes are just the different forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
同位素是同一种元素的不同形式，同一个原子核中有不同数量的中子。
And different kinds of meteorites have different ratios of these isotopes.
不同类型的陨石中有不同比例的同位素。
We've known since the 1970s that the ratio of oxygen isotopes in Earth rocks is especially similar to enstatite chondrite meteorites.
上世纪70年代时我们就知道，地球岩石中氧的同位素的比例与顽火辉石球粒陨石非常相近。
But even though the ratio of oxygen isotopes is the same, if you look at the other elements in Earth rocks,
但即便氧的同位素完全一样，地球岩石中其他元素的比例
the proportions don't match up to enstatite chondrites.
也与顽火辉石球粒陨石不一致。
So scientists didn't think the similarity in oxygen isotopes was all that important.
于是，科学家认为，氧的同位素的相似性不是很重要的线索。
But now, thanks to recent developments in our understanding of geology,
不过现在，由于我们最近对地质学的理解更加深入，
both studies were able to more accurately determine the kinds of meteorites that formed the Earth.
所以这两项研究都能更精确地断定形成地球的陨石的种类。
And the evidence points to most of them being enstatite meteorites. The first paper, by a geologist at the University of Chicago,
而所有证据都指出：大多数陨石都是顽辉石陨石，芝加哥大学某地质学家发表的第一篇论文中也指出，
also suggested that the meteorites' compositions may have changed on Earth's surface as our planet evolved.
顽辉石陨石的组成可能改变了地球演变过程中地表的情况。
That would explain why the elements in enstatite chondrites don't match Earth rocks today. It's awesome that we figured this out!
这或许就能解释顽火辉石球粒陨石与今天地球上岩石成分不一致的原因了，能发现这一点实在是太棒了。
But since enstatite meteorites are so rare, it also means we don't have a good sample of Earth's buildings blocks at least, not yet.
不过，鉴于顽辉石陨石比较稀少，所以也就意味着，我们没有组成地球根基的绝好样本，至少现在还没有。
And according to the second study, by researchers at the University of Muenster in Germany,
不过根据第二则研究，也就是德国明斯特大学研究人员的研究，
since those water-rich carbonaceous chondrites most likely didn't contribute as much to our planet as we thought,
由于那些水含量丰富的碳质球粒陨石对于地球形成过程的作用并不像我们想象的那样多，
Earth's water also probably didn't get here in a rush at the end.
所以地球上的水很可能一次性涌入的。
Now that we know there were probably enstatite meteorites instead, which are dry rocks, it's more likely the water appeared gradually.
现在，我们已经知道很可能是水含量少的顽辉石陨石形成了地球，所以更有可能的情形是：水是逐渐出现的。
And if that wasn't enough new information about Earth's history, enstatite chondrites are also helping us understand the moon's formation!
但即便这一点也不符合真实的情况，至少顽火辉石球粒陨石也帮助我们理解了月球的组成！
The University of Chicago study suggests that the impactor that crashed into the Earth wasn't just made of random materials.
芝加哥大学的研究表明，撞向地球的碰撞块并不是随意的材料形成的。
Instead, the impactor and Earth probably all formed from a collection of the same materials, many of which were enstatite chondrites.
相反，碰撞块和地球很可能都是由一系列同样的材料形成的，其中很多材料都是顽火辉石球粒陨石。
So when the object crashed into Earth, it was just a big enstatite explosion, and some of the debris condensed to make the moon.
所以，当该陨石撞向地球的时候，只是顽辉石的一场大爆炸，过程中一些碎片浓缩，形成了月球。
If that's what happened, then it totally makes sense for the composition of moon rocks and Earth rocks to be really similar.
如果事实确实如此，地球和月球岩石的组成结构如此相似就说得通了。
Who knew learning about one type of meteorite could teach us so much?
当初又有谁知道研究一种陨石就能让我们获得这么多的信息呢？
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Space News, and thanks especially to our patrons on Patreon who make this possible.
感谢收看本期的《太空科学秀》，尤其要感谢支持节目发展的伙伴们。
If you'd like to help support this show, just go to patreon.com/scishow.
如果您想要支持我们节目的话，只需要登录patreon.com/scishow就可以了。
And for the latest space news every week, go to youtube.com/scishowspace and subscribe.
如您想要获取每周最新的太空时事，可以登录并订阅youtube.com/scishowspace。
