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For years and years, the Soviet people had been told that living conditions would improve drastically as Communism came ever closer.
年复一年，苏维埃民众被告知随着共产主义即将实现，生活条件将会有极大的改善
Maybe even by 1980. Lenin had said it, Stalin had said it, Khrushchev had said it, and now Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was saying it.
可能1980年前就实现，列宁说过，斯大林说过，赫鲁晓夫说过，现在勃列日涅夫也在这么说
The Soviet people finally concluded that saying something over and over again did not necessarily make it true.
苏维埃民众最终得出结论，重复说某一件事情并不一定能让它成真
The Communist Party had degenerated from a mass movement of people devoted to building a new society by whatever means,
共产党已经堕落了，不再是殚精竭虑致力于构筑新社会的民众运动
into a club for bureaucrats and other weasels.
而是堕落成了官僚主义者，不再靠得住
The Romanovs and their noble friends had been kicked out and executed, only to be replaced by a new Communist nobility:
罗曼诺夫王朝和那些贵族已经被推翻，处置取而代之的却是新的共产主义贵族
the nomenklatura — privileged offspring of men who had risen to power under Stalin.
也就是那些权贵阶层，斯大林统治下位高权重的那些人的子孙后代
Was this what the Soviet people fought and died for by the millions during the Great Patriotic War?
苏联卫国运动中战斗，牺牲的上百万苏维埃人难道换来的就是这种结果吗
The so-called homo Sovieticus or Soviet man turned out to be a grim, disaffected cynic who felt no loyalty at all to the Soviet State.
所谓的苏维埃人种，或者，新苏维埃人最终成了无情淡漠的愤世嫉俗者，对苏维埃国家毫无忠诚之心
There was little chance that the Soviet people would rise up against their masters.
苏维埃人民也不可能站起来反抗他们的主人
As is clear from Russian history,
俄罗斯的历史清楚地表明
the people are used to strong, authoritarian leadership from people like Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, and Catherine the Great.
民众习惯于强劲独裁的领导，例如伊凡雷帝和彼得大帝，还有叶卡捷琳娜大帝
Lenin and Stalin certainly fit this category too.
列宁和斯大林当然也是这种类型
