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Sheik Ahmed Zaki Yamani is generally regarded as the mastermind behind the Arab oil strategy of the 1970s.
普遍认为，谢赫·艾哈迈德·扎基·亚马尼是阿拉伯上世纪70年代石油战略的幕后黑手。
The man who introduced the word "petro-dollars" into our vocabulary,
就是他引入了“石油美元”的说法，
and who helped bring about one of the most dramatic shifts of international economic and political power in this century.
也是他推波助澜，引发了本世界最大的国际经济政治权力转移。
NPR's Elizebeth Coulton has a report:
下面请听国家公共电台记者伊丽莎白·库尔顿的报道：
Yamani was appointed to the post of Saudi Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources in 1962,
1962年，亚马尼受命担任沙特石油部部长。
and it was then he began leading the campaign to wrest control of Arab oil resources from foreign-owned companies.
正是那一年，他开始领导运动，从外资企业手中夺回阿拉伯石油的控制权。
He was only thirty-two years old when he took over his country's oil ministry.
他担任石油部长时年仅32岁。
But he was then among the few Saudis to have had higher western education, including, in his case, legal training at Harvard.
但那时候，他是国人中为数不多的受过高等西方教育的人。就其职位相关的教育领域而言，他曾在哈佛受过法律培训。
Although Yamani was only a commoner in the Kingdom,
虽然亚马尼只是沙特的一介平民，
some members of the royal family had begun to recognize the contribution such a technocrat could make to the Saudi government.
但一些皇室成员已经开始认识到这样的技术专家可以给沙特政府带来巨大的贡献。
Then crown prince Faisal, later the King, championed young Yamani
当时的王储、后来的国王费萨尔给予年轻的亚马尼以支持，
and gave him a clear mandate to do whatever necessary to keep his country's oil benefits home in Saudi Arabia.
并明确下令派他采取必要的措施以保证石油利润能够肥水不流外人田。
A natural diplomat, Yamani quickly became the unproclaimed leader of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries as well as the global cartel, OPEC.
天生的外交官亚马尼很快就成了全球卡特尔联盟石油输出国家组织(OPEC)中心照不宣的领导人。
In November and December of 1973, Sheik Yamani toured western capitals to explain OPEC's radical policies, including why oil prices were going to go up by 70%.
1973年11月和12月，亚马尼游历多个西方国家，向人们解释石油输出国家组织的激进政策，比如油价为何上升70%。
His announcement shocked the world and his name became an international household word.
他的言辞震惊了全球，他的名字也家喻户晓。
In London, one journalist wrote at the time that Sheik Yamani of Saudi Arabia was the most formidable eastern emissary to arrive in Europe
当时，伦敦有一位记者写道，沙特阿拉伯的亚马尼是东方派到欧洲最强大的使者，
since the Tartars swept into Russia or the Muslim hordes reached the Walls of Vienna in the Middle Ages.
在中世纪鞑靼人席卷俄罗斯以及穆斯林大批抵达维也纳后，这还是第一次。
In 1975, Yamani was the target when terrorists seized OPEC headquarters in Vienna and took the ministers hostage for several days.
1975年，亚马尼成为恐怖分子的目标。当时恐怖分子控制了维也纳的石油输出国家组织总部，将许多大臣俘虏了数天。
Ever since then, Yamani surrounded himself with tough British bodyguards, and he kept his movements secret.
从那以后，亚马尼周围警卫森严，行踪保密。
Whenever he was seen abroad, he appeared as a superstar with his entourage.
每次他现身国外，周围都是警卫环绕，宛如巨星。
At home, in the royal Kingdom, however, his position was somewhat different.
而他在本国皇室的地位却和在国外不太相同。
He remained a commoner and, consequently, always an outsider,
他始终是个平民，总是像局外人一样。
useful to the monarchy only as a technocrat who could manage Saudi wealth for the true owners, the royal family.
他以技术专家的身份向君主建言献策，为沙特财富的真正持有者——皇室管理资产。
Sometimes, at OPEC meetings, he would have to fly back home to consult with the King before proceeding with negotiations.
有时候，OPEC正开着会呢，他还要先飞回国跟国王商讨后才能继续会议。
At such times, ministers from revolutionary member states, like Iran,
每次这样的时候，包括伊朗在内的变革型成员国大臣
would criticize Yamani for being only a lackey with no power to make decisions on his own.
就会斥责亚马尼只是傀儡，没有权力自己做决定。
At the same time, many observers believe that Yamani's ouster yesterday was caused by King Fahd's irritation with Yamani's power base outside the kingdom.
与此同时，很多观察家认为，亚马尼之所以昨日遭到驱逐是因为国王法赫德因亚马尼在国外的权力基础感到愤怒。
OPEC specialist, Yousef Ibrahim of the Wall Street Journal, says Yamani got caught between demands.
OPEC专家、《华尔街日报》的优素福·易卜拉欣表示，亚马尼夹在各种要求中无所适从。
Yamani is also said to be an extremely sensitive and religious man.
据称，亚马尼本人十分敏感，而且有宗教信仰。
He has been concerned that peoples of the world should try to understand each other.
他一直都希望世界各地的人能够试图相互理解。
For example, in a conversation once with this reporter, Sheik Yamani said he believed all world leaders, like himself,
比如，有一次在跟记者谈话时，亚马尼表示自己希望像他一样的
should have at least an introductory course in social anthropology in order to be tolerant of other cultures.
世界领袖能够至少修一门社会人类学的基础课程，这样才能对其他文化有包容心。
The cosmopolitan Sheik Yamani will be remembered as not only a wizard of oil economics,
持世界主义观点的亚马尼会伟人所铭记，这不仅是因为他是石油经济学领域的魔法师，
but perhaps more as a leading diplomat who brought the Arab world into the fore again,
更因为他以外交官的身份带领阿拉伯再次站上巅峰，
and changed the course of late twentieth century history.
改变了20世纪末的历史轨迹。
I'm Elizabeth Coulton in Washington.
感谢收听伊丽莎白·库尔顿为您发回的报道。
