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Depersonalization versus Derealization.
人格解体VS现实感丧失。
Have you ever felt detached from the world or felt like you don't belong in your own body when you look down at your hands?
你是否曾感觉与世界脱离或在你低头看着自己的双手时，觉得自己并不属于这个躯体？
Depersonalization and derealization is a psychological disorder in which this experience is intense and prolonged.
人格解体和现实感丧失是一种心理障碍，这种经历是剧烈、持久的。
About 50% of the general population have come across at least one of these experiences in their lifetime
约50%的普通人在一生中至少会遭遇一次这样的经历
but only roughly 2% are actually diagnosed with the disorder.
但是粗略估计只有2%的人被诊断出这种心理障碍。
It occurs equally in men and women and can start as early as one's early or middle years
男女患病概率相同，而且可能发生在小时候或中年
but the two terms depersonalization and derealization are often mixed up and misunderstood,
但这两组属于常被混淆和误解，
even though they're often grouped together. So what's the difference?
虽然它们常组团出现。那么两者有何不同？
Depersonalization is when you feel cut off from yourself when you feel like a robot
人格解体是当你觉得脱离自己，你觉得自己像是一个机器人一样
or like you're not in control of your own movements, you're experiencing depersonalization.
或是你无法控制自己的行为，这就是人格解体。
People with depersonalization disorder don't feel like themselves and struggle with feeling in tune with their emotions.
患有人格解体障碍的人感受不到自己，他们难以感受情感。
These patients may feel like they're an outside observer of their own lives.
这些病人或许会感到他们是生活的旁观者。
They feel disconnected from their memories and may not remember them clearly.
他们觉得和自己的记忆脱离，无法清楚地记起这些回忆。
Most of the time they have out-of-body experiences because they don't feel grounded in their own bodies.
多数时间他们会灵魂出窍，因为他们觉得自己没有被限制在身体里。
Symptoms of out-of-body experiences include hearing undefined sounds, such as a train going by
灵魂出窍的症状包括听见不明的声音，比如火车经过的声音
or soft murmurs and feeling like you're sinking into a bed while your body feels out of control.
或是呢喃声，并感觉自己的身体失去控制陷入一张床之中。
Derealization is when you feel cut off from the world.
现实感丧失是当你感觉与世界脱离。
Patients who experience symptoms of derealization feel as if they're in a dream
出现现实感丧失症状的病人干的他们好像身处梦境之中
or as if there's a glass wall or veil that's separating them from their surroundings.
或是感到有一面玻璃墙或面纱将他们和周围一切分开。
The world feels funny and distorted. Objects around them can feel and appear smaller or larger than they actually are;
世界好像有趣又扭曲。他们周围的物品看起来比真实尺寸更小或更大；
surroundings may also be blurry or unusually clear; sounds can seem louder and more overwhelming
周围的一切模糊不清；声音似乎更大
and time can feel like it's slowing down or going too fast.
时间放慢或快速流失。
The causes and treatment methods for both depersonalization derealization are similar.
人格解体和现实感丧失的起因以及治疗方法相似。
Anxiety and depression are common in patients with depersonalization and derealization.
焦虑和抑郁在人格解体和现实感丧失患者中常见。
They're often developed in people who have experienced severe stress in their lifetime,
在生活中经历巨大压力的人常会患上这两种障碍症，
which includes but not limited to: being emotionally abused or neglected during childhood, physical abuse,
压力包括但不限于：情感虐待或在童年没收到好的照顾、身体虐待、
witnessing domestic violence, having a severely impaired or mentally ill parent and having a loved one died unexpectedly.
目睹家庭暴力、经历严重创伤或是父母有精神疾病以及意外失去爱人。
Symptoms of this disorder can also be triggered by severe stress from toxic relationships, financial concerns and work.
这种精神障碍的症状会被来自不良关系的巨大压力、财务担忧和工作所触发。
To get diagnosed for this disorder, one may get a doctor's evaluation, take questionnaires or tests and undergo specifically structured interviews.
要确诊该障碍，或许需要医生的评估、做问卷调查或测试并接受转向结构性面谈。
A physical examination and urine tests are also done to make sure other mental health disorders, seizure disorders and substance abuse are ruled out.
要确保排除其他精神健康障碍、痉挛疾病以及滥用药物也需要进行健康体检和尿检。
This disorder is diagnosed when symptoms last for a long time or recur over time.
当症状持续很久或是不断复发时，就可以对该精神障碍进行诊断。
It's important to note that getting brief and temporary episodes of these symptoms
重要的是要注意，这些轻微症状或症状的暂时性发作
does not necessarily mean you have depersonalization or derealization,
并不意味着你患有人格解体或现实感丧失，
instead you may just be going through a highly stressful situation.
你或许只是压力太大了。
To get treated for depersonalization and derealization, many patients undergo psychotherapy.
治疗人格解体和现实感丧失，很多病人都接受心理疗法。
Treatment of this disorder must address all stresses associated with an individual's triggers.
该障碍的治疗必须处理所有和引起这种障碍的事物相关的压力。
This may help the patient become self-aware and give them the ability to take careful measures
这或许能够帮助病人恢复自我意识，给他们采取措施的能力
to prevent the next stressful episode in their life.
以阻止人生中的下一个压力事件。
Cognitive techniques can also be used to help lock obsessive thinking about the unreal state of being.
认知方法也可以用来帮助封锁住那些不真实存在状态的强迫性想法，
And grounding techniques can encourage the individual to use their five senses to feel more connected with themselves in the real world.
这些方法可以鼓励患者利用他们的五种感官去更多的感受与真实世界的联系。
Did you find these concepts interesting? What other psychological disorders would you like to learn more about?
你觉得这些概念有意思么？你还想了解哪些其他的心理障碍呢？
Please share your thoughts with us below. Also don't forget to subscribe for more content from Psych2go
请在下方分享你的想法，不要忘记订阅我们的频道观看更多内容
and check out our patreon. Thanks for watching.
并关注我们的patreon。感谢收看。
