1.by profession 职业为……；身为……
A surgeon by profession, al-Zawahri, like bin Laden, gave up a life of privilege to violently promote a puritanical Islamic ideal.
身为外科医生的扎瓦赫里像本·拉登一样，放弃了养尊处优的生活，而投身于暴力推行一个极端的伊斯兰理想n!~t[1PQq)|86tA。

2.have a reputation for (doing) sth. 以（擅长）……著称
The bank has a reputation for nimbleness, innovation and customer service.
民生银行以灵活、创新和客服著称tkkL5sG7ExV。

3.speculate on 揣测；推测
Mr Woo said he would not speculate on whether Mr Li's remarks were aimed at him.
吴光正表示不会揣测李嘉诚的言论是否针对他2ULpBsSsso。

4.in the aftermath of 在……之后
In the aftermath of a breakup, it's all too easy to bad mouth your ex.
分手过后，大家很容易说前任的坏话Td-!jnhsRCNiG=ZMzdnG。