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This is a footnote to the main video about protecting people's privacy when you're publishing statistics from a medical study, or a census, or whatever.
本期内容是主视频-当你发布医学研究的数据，或者人口普查的数据及其他数据时，如何保护个人隐私-的一个补充说明。
There are two kinds of privacy violation that can happen from a survey, and they're qualitatively very different from each other.
在参与调查时，有两种侵权隐私，并且这两种侵权方式在本质上非常不同。
The first kind is the direct breach of the privacy of an individual by somehow revealing private information specific to them
第一种是直接侵犯个人隐私，即通过某种方式透露他们特定的私人信息
(like their birthday, or blood type, or Harry Potter house), and this is the kind of privacy violation the main video focused on.
（比如他们的生日或血型或哈利波特之家 ）并且主视频主要讲的就是这种隐私侵犯。
The second kind is an indirect violation of privacy via association with a group
第二种是通过与某个群体的联系而间接侵犯隐私
(like how men are more likely to be overpaid, or how Slytherins are more likely to be evil,
（比如男性如何更可能获得高薪或者斯莱特林的人如何更有可能变得邪恶，
or how overpaid men are more likely to be Slytherins…).
或者高薪男性如何更有可能来自斯莱特林）。
Of course, revealing trend-based information about a group is precisely the purpose of doing surveys;
当然做调查的目的正是揭示一个群体基于趋势的信息；
we, as a society, want to know the expected lifespan of smokers vs non-smokers,
作为一个社会，我们想知道吸烟者和不吸烟者的预期寿命对比，
or the typical month in which professional hockey players are born.
或是职业曲棍球运动员出生的典型月份。
But if a survey reveals that hockey players are more likely to have January birthdays,
但是如果一项调查揭露了曲棍球运动员更有可能在一月份出生
then knowing somebody plays in the NHL gives you insight into a supposedly private piece of information,
那么有认识的人在国家冰球联盟（NHL）打球可以让你深入了解一份所谓的私人信息，
and does so regardless of whether or not that player themselves participated in the survey!
而这与球员本人是否参与调查无关！
If we wanted to protect the privacy of individuals 100%,
如果我们想100%保证私人信息的安全，
pretty much the only option would be to outright prohibit all studies and surveys that use any individual information, whatsoever.
几乎唯一的选择就是彻底禁止所有使用任何个人信息的研究和调查。
But then we couldn't have representative democracies, or study diseases,
但这样我们就不能拥有代议民主或疾病研究
or keep an eye out for dark wizards coming out of Slytherin, or lots of other useful things.
或是密切注意来自斯莱特林的黑巫师或是很多其他有用事情。
So if you are going to do a study, the best you can do is to not violate any participant's privacy
所以如果你要做一项研究，你能做的最好的事情就是不要侵犯任何参与者的隐私
more than their privacy would have been violated if they hadn't participated in the study.
你所触及的信息范围不能超过他们没参与该研究时的信息范围。
That is, the current wisdom is that it's ok to reveal that NHL players are more likely to have January birthdays,
也就是说，现在的观点是，NHL球员更有可能是一月份出生的，透露这个信息是可以的，
but it's not ok to reveal the birthday of a specific player.
但不能透露某个球员的生日。
And of course, you'd have to reveal the January birthdays fact using a mathematically guaranteed privacy protection…
当然你需要使用在数学上有保证的隐私保护来揭露一月份生日事实......
but that's what the main video is about. So go watch it.
但这是主视频里要讲的。所以去看看吧。
And if you want to ensure you don't have online information specific to you stolen or published,
如果你想确保你的网络信息没有被偷窃或被公布，
I highly recommend using Dashlane, this video's sponsor and a tool that can greatly simplify and secure your online life (as it has mine)
我强烈建议大家用一用Dashlane，这是本期视频的赞助方，也是简化并保护网络生活的工具（就像我的一样）
With Dashlane, every single site or online service you use gets a strong, unique password,
使用Dashlane，你使用的每个网站或在线服务都有一个强大而独特的密码
and Dashlane securely remembers them so you don't have to.
Dashlane可以记住这些密码，所以你就不用记密码啦。
Dashlane also (with your permission) auto-fills online address forms, credit card info, saving you time and hassle. It's really nice.
Dashlane（在您的许可下）还能自动填写在线地址表格、信用卡信息，为您节省时间和麻烦。真的很不错。
You can get a free 30 day trial of dashlane premium (which also includes Dashlane's VPN) by going to dashlane.com/minutephysics.
前往dashlane.com/minutephysics，你可以获得30天免费试用（其中也包括Dashlane的VPN）。
Again, that's dashlane.com/minutephysics, and use coupon code minutephysics for 10% off at checkout.
使用优惠码minutephysics可享九折优惠。
And I'd like to thank Dashlane for simplifying and securing my life.
感谢Dashlane简化并保护我的生活。
