评论
打印
The explosion of CCTV is just one way the 21st-century city hampers the freedom of the crowd.
监控数量的暴涨是这个21世纪城市阻碍群众自由的一种方式。
Urban regeneration programmes are designed to channel us efficiently towards work and the shops – spaces built for Homo economicus,
城市再生计划是为了有效地引导我们走向工作和商店——为“理性经济人”建造的空间，
human beings interacting transactionally, rather as social citizens.
人类进行交易互动，而不是作为社会公民互动。
What look like potential meeting grounds for crowds in the modern British city are often mirages:
在现代英国城市中，看起来可能成为人群集会场所的地方往往是幻想：
regeneration zones such as Spinningfields in Manchester, Liverpool One and More London have replaced genuine public spaces with privately owned public spaces.
再生区，比如曼彻斯特的旋转场，利物浦购物中心和最伦敦区已经用私人拥有的公共空间取代了真正的公共空间。
These are patrolled by security guards and underwritten by private rules and regulations,
这些地方有保安巡逻，并有私人规章制度保障，
whereby the owners are perfectly entitled to ban gatherings and political protests, and move along whoever they like, whenever they like.
因此，业主完全有权利禁止集会和政治抗议，并在他们喜欢的任何时候、任何时候随行。
In 2011, when Occupy London attempted to set up camp in Paternoster Square, outside the London Stock Exchange,
2011年，当“占领伦敦”运动试图在伦敦证券交易所外的特诺斯特广场扎营时，
they were blocked by police barricades, enforcing an emergency high court injunction that established that the land was indeed private property.
他们被警察设置的路障封锁，强制执行高等法院的紧急禁令，确认这片土地确实是私人财产。
This was odd, the Observer's architecture critic Rowan Moore wrote at the time, "as almost every architectural statement, planning application,
这很奇怪，《观察家报》的建筑评论家罗文·摩尔当时写道：“在帕特诺斯特广场的长期重建中，几乎每一个建筑陈述、规划申请，
and press release, in the protracted redevelopment of Paternoster Square, described this ‘private land' as ‘public space'."
新闻稿件中，都将这片“私人土地”描述为“公共空间”。
If the average British city has undergone huge transformations since the Criminal Justice Act, then so have the people in it.
如果自从《刑事司法公诉令》颁布后，一般的英国城市都经历了巨大的转变。那里面的人也一样。
Crowd behaviour in the 21st century has been conditioned by the new devices at our fingertips as much as the changing ground beneath our feet, or the laws that govern their movement.
21世纪的人群行为受到我们指尖的新设备的影响，就像我们脚下不断变化的土地或控制它们移动的法则一样。
In his prescient 2002 book Smart Mobs, the critic Harold Rheingold identified new types of crowds that were able to act in concert even before they had met.
评论家哈罗德·莱茵戈尔德在他2002年出版的有先见之明的《聪明的暴民》一书中，指出了一种新型人群，他们甚至在见面之前就能联合起来。
He predicted a "social tsunami" to come from the next wave of mobile telecoms,
罗德预测，在下一波移动电信浪潮出现时，“社会海啸”就会出现，
pointing to the mass SMS chains in Manila that were used to coordinate the protests that overthrew the Philippine president Joseph Estrada in 2001.
他指的是马尼拉的大量短信链，这些短信被用来配合2001年推翻菲律宾总统埃斯特拉达的抗议活动。
