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Hello, I'm John Russell.
大家好，我是约翰·罗素。
Do you know someone who acts different when other people are around?
你知道是谁在别人在场的时候会表现得不一样吗？
For example, they act good when a teacher is around and then they act wild as soon as the teacher is not there.
例如，当有老师在的时候，他们表现得很好，而当老师不在的时候，他们就会表现得很疯狂。
Grammatical endings can be like our bad student.
语法词汇的结尾可能就像坏学生。
These endings sound one way in one situation and different in another situation.
这些结尾在一种情况下是一种发音，在另一种情况下则是不同的。
This is particularly true of the regular past tense.
一般过去时尤其如此。
I'll explain.
我来解释一下。
The regular past tense is spelled with an -ed ending.
一般过去时的拼写规则是以-ed结尾。
But this -ed ending sounds different in different words.
但是这个-ed的发音在不同的单词中听起来不同。
Consider these two words, liked, loved.
想一下这两个单词：liked和loved。
In the word liked, the -ed ending sounds more like a /t/. liked
liked结尾的ed发音更像是/t/。
But in the word loved, the -ed ending sounds more like a /d/. loved
但在loved这个词中，-ed的结尾听起来更像/d/。
Why is that?
为什么会这样呢？
Do English speakers randomly choose how an ending should sound?
说英语的人会随机选择单词结尾的发音吗？
No, the answer comes down to voicing.
不，答案在于声带是否震动。
If the last letter in a word ends in a voiced consonant or vowel sound, the -ed ending is pronounced as /d/.
如果一个单词的最后一个字母以浊辅音或元音结尾，-ed结尾读成/d/。
In the word love, /v/ is voiced.
在单词love中，/v/是浊辅音。
So the grammatical ending sounds like /d/.
所以单词结尾的音听起来像/d/。
If the last letter of a word ends in a voiceless consonant, the e is silent and the letter d is pronounced as /t/.
如果单词的最后一个字母以不发音的辅音结尾，那么e不发音，字母d发/t/的音。
That is why like has a /t/ sound in the past tense. liked
这也是为什么like的过去式有一个/t/的音。
That's all for today.
以上就是本期视频的全部内容。
Keep up the good work.
继续加油吧。
