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People are funny.
人是非常有趣的。
We're constantly trying to understand and interpret the world around us.
我们一直在试图理解和解释我们周围的世界。
I live in a house with two black cats, and let me tell you, every time I see a black, bunched up sweater out of the corner of my eye, I think it's a cat.
我家里有两只黑猫，我可以告诉你，每当我的余光瞥见一件打结的黑色毛衣，我都会认为那是一只猫。
It's not just the things we see.
不只是我们看到的东西。
Sometimes we attribute more intelligence than might actually be there.
我们有时以为一些东西有超常的智慧，但实际上未必有。
Maybe you've seen the dogs on TikTok.
比如，你也许在TikTok上看到过狗狗的视频。
They have these little buttons that say things like "walk" or "treat."
上面有一些小按钮，写着“遛遛”或是“要吃的”。
They can push them to communicate some things with their owners, and their owners think they use them to communicate some pretty impressive things.
这些狗狗能用这些按钮和它们的主人交流，它们的主人也以为用这些按钮就能让狗狗做一些令人惊奇的事情。
But do the dogs know what they're saying?
但狗狗知道它们在说什么吗？
Or perhaps you've heard the story of Clever Hans the horse, and he could do math.
或许你听过《聪明的汉斯》的故事，这匹马居然能做数学题。
And not just like, simple math problems, really complicated ones, like, if the eighth day of the month falls on a Tuesday, what's the date of the following Friday?
不仅仅是简单的数学计算，而是非常复杂的问题，比如，如果一个月的第八天是星期二，那么下一个星期五的日期是什么？
It's like, pretty impressive for a horse.
对于一匹马来说，这真是令人惊叹。
Unfortunately, Hans wasn't doing math, but what he was doing was equally impressive.
不幸的是，汉斯并不是在做数学题，但它学会的事情也很了不起。
Hans had learned to watch the people in the room to tell when he should tap his hoof.
汉斯学会了观察房间里的人，来判断它该在什么时候敲蹄子。
So he communicated his answers by tapping his hoof.
它通过敲蹄子来“说出”它的答案。
It turns out that if you know the answer to "if the eighth day of the month falls on a Tuesday, what's the date of the following Friday," you will subconsciously change your posture once the horse has given the correct 18 taps.
真实的情况是，如果你知道答案，就是“如果每个月的第八天是星期二，那么下一个星期五是什么日子”的答案，你会在汉斯正确地敲打 18 下的时候下意识地改变你的姿势。
So Hans couldn't do math, but he had learned to watch the people in the room who could do math, which, I mean, still pretty impressive for a horse.
所以汉斯不会做数学，但它学会了观察房间里会做数学的人，这对一匹马来说还是很了不起的。
But this is an old picture, and we would not fall for Clever Hans today.
但这只是一个古老的故事了，今天的我们已经不会再被聪明的汉斯骗到了。
Or would we?
会吗？
Well, I work in AI, and let me tell you, things are wild.
我在人工智能领域工作，我可以告诉你，事情很疯狂。
There have been multiple examples of people being completely convinced that AI understands them.
有许多例子表明，人们完全相信人工智能能理解他们。
In 2022, a Google engineer thought that Google’s AI was sentient.
2022 年，一位谷歌工程师认为谷歌的人工智能有自我意识。
And you may have had a really human-like conversation with something like ChatGPT.
你也可能试过与ChatGPT进行类似人类的对话。
But models we're training today are so much better than the models we had even five years ago.
我们今天训练的模型比我们仅五年前的模型都要好得多。
It really is remarkable.
这真的很了不起。
So at this super crazy moment in time, let’s ask the super crazy question: Does AI understand us, or are we having our own Clever Hans moment?
所以在这个疯狂的时刻，让我们问一个疯狂的问题：人工智能是真的理解我们，还是我们又遇到了一匹聪明的汉斯？
Some philosophers think that computers will never understand language.
一些哲学家认为，计算机永远不会理解语言。
To illustrate this, they developed something they call the Chinese room argument.
为了说明这一点，他们设计了一段被称为“中文房间”的论证。
In the Chinese room, there is a person, hypothetical person, who does not understand Chinese, but he has along with him a set of instructions that tell him how to respond in Chinese to any Chinese sentence.
在中文房间里，有一个人，虚构的人，他/她不懂中文，但他/她眼前有一套指令，告诉他/她如何用中文回应任何中文语句。
Here's how the Chinese room works.
中文房间中会进行以下流程。
A piece of paper comes in through a slot in the door, has something written in Chinese on it.
门上的缝隙里递来了一张纸条，上面写着一些中文。
The person uses their instructions to figure out how to respond.
这个人要用面前的指示想出回应的内容。
They write the response down on a piece of paper and then send it back out through the door.
他/她把回答写在一张纸上，再通过门上的缝隙传出去。
To somebody who speaks Chinese, standing outside this room, it might seem like the person inside the room speaks Chinese.
对于说中文的人来说，站在这个房间外面，可能会觉得房间里的人会说中文。
But we know they do not, because no knowledge of Chinese is required to follow the instructions.
但我们知道他/她不会，因为遵循指示不需要学会中文。
Performance on this task does not show that you know Chinese.
这项任务的表现并不能说明你懂中文。
