1. My point is that its central　consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender　as shaping influences on people's lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage，a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics. (4)

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

　　译文：我的论点是，其作品的中心意识——它将阶级和性别作为人们生活的决定性影响而作出的深邃理解——在很大程度上借鉴了那个早期的文学遗产，而这一遗产就总体而言还尚未获得大多数当代文学评论家的足够重视。

　　解释：宾语从句中的主语和谓语被长插入语分开，造成阅读障碍。插入语中有一个固定搭配understanding of A as B，是把A理解成B的意思。不过本句中as的宾语不容易理解：shaping influences on people's lives可以理解成“形成了对人们生活的影响”也可以理解成“对人们生活的塑造性(决定性)影响”。当然后面的理解是正确的，然而在阅读现场想要在瞬间做出正确判断，还有赖于考生的阅读理解力和词汇功底的深浅。插入语后面还有一个固定搭配：A owes much to B，指前者有很多东西是来自于后者，得益于后者的。

　　意群训练：My point is that its central　consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people's lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.

　　2. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.(5)

　　即使是这样的要求，即从这些材料中加工出来的生物材料应该对受移植者的组织无害，也能够通过从研究组织培养对生物材料的反应而来的，或从研究短期移植而来的技术来满足。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、省略、专有名词、固定搭配

　　解释：主语the requirement后面带着一个长长的修饰主语的同位语;由于requirement的同位语中要求使用虚拟语气，所以其中的系动词成了原型(should be省略了should)。如此之长的修饰成分过后，谓语can be met与主语的关系已经很难理清了。从by开始的状语结构更为复杂;修饰techniques的后置的定语derived from studying the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials or derived from studying short-term implants实际上是由or所连接的两个固定搭配the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials;第二个derive from中还套了另外一个固定搭配the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials;第二个derive from则干脆把derive给省略了。此外，本句的专有名词奇多，这使得阅读的难度非常高。

　　意群训练：Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.

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