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Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy. Do you think you're good at grammar? We're going to find out today.
大家好，可爱的同学们，欢迎回到露西英语课堂。你觉得你的语法好吗？我们今天就来一探究竟。
If you can answer these 10 grammar questions, each featuring a different English grammar rule, your English is amazing.
如果你能回答这10个语法问题，每个问题都包含不同的英语语法规则，那么你的英语水平就很棒。
And if you speak English as a first language and you're watching this video thinking, 'I'll definitely get 10 out of 10', don't be so sure!
如果你的母语是英语，而且你正在看这个视频，心里想着“我肯定会得10分”，那么别那么肯定！
Some English learners might get a better score than you. Before we begin, I want to remind you that as always, I've made a PDF to go with this video, and you can download it for free.
一些英语学习者可能会比你得到更好的分数。在开始之前，我想提醒你，和往常一样，我创建了一个PDF文件与这个视频配套，可以免费下载。
I go into much more detail on the explanation of each grammar point, and I've created some interactive activities so that you can practise what you've learnt and memorise it for life.
PDF文件中我对每个语法点的解释都更详细，我还创建了一些互动活动，这样你就可以练习你所学到的知识，并终生记住它。
If you would like to download the PDF, all you have to do is click the link in the description box or follow this link here or scan that QR code—that's a new thing.
下载PDF，只需单击说明框中的链接或单击此处的链接或扫描该二维码即可。
Then you enter your name and your email address, you sign up for my mailing list and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox. After that, you've joined my free PDF club.
然后输入您的姓名和电子邮件地址，注册我的邮件列表，PDF将直接发送到您的收件箱。之后，您就加入了我的免费PDF俱乐部。
You'll automatically receive my weekly PDFs alongside my news, course updates and offers. It's a free service, and you can unsubscribe at any time with just one click.
您将自动收到我的每周PDF以及新闻、课程更新和优惠。 这是一项免费服务，只需单击一下即可随时取消订阅。
Okay, let's start with number one. Which word is missing from this sentence? '_ Molly to resign, who'd replace her?' Have a little think, I'll give you five seconds.
好的，让我们从第一个开始。 这句话中缺少哪个词？'_ Molly to resign, who'd replace her?'五分钟思考时间。
The answer is 'were'. 'Were Molly to resign, who'd replace her?' This is an inverted conditional.
答案是“were”。'Were Molly to resign, who'd replace her?'这是一个倒装条件句。
In second conditional sentences, we can remove if and use the structure 'were' plus subject plus 'to infinitive', and this makes the sentence more formal.
在第二个条件句中，我们可以删除if，并使用结构“were”加上主语加上不定式，这会使句子更加正式。
I really like the way inverted conditionals sound! There are other ways to write this; I've included them in the PDF. Okay, question two. Where is the mistake in this sentence?
我真的很喜欢倒装条件句的发音！还有其他写法；我已将它们包含在PDF中。好的，第二个问题。这个句子中的错误在哪里？
'Tim or myself will lead the meeting today.' I'll give you five seconds. The answer is 'myself'. This is a very common mistake!
'Tim or myself will lead the meeting today.'我给你五秒钟。答案是“myself”。这是一个非常常见的错误！
You will come across native speakers making this mistake. My husband does it sometimes. Can you imagine how embarrassing that is for me? I'm just kidding.
你会遇到母语人士犯这个错误。我的丈夫有时会这样做。你能想象这对我来说有多尴尬吗？我只是在开玩笑。
He could say 'would of' and 'could of' and I'd still love him. The correct version would be—'Tim or I will lead the meeting today.'
他可以说“would of”和“could of”，我仍然会爱他。正确的版本应该是——'Tim or I will lead the meeting today.'
Remember, we use reflexive pronouns like 'myself' as the object of a sentence when the subject and the object refer to the same person or thing. That's the key.
请记住，当主语和宾语指代同一个人或事物时，我们使用反身代词（如“myself”）作为句子的宾语。这就是关键。
In our example sentence, we need a subject pronoun—'I'. This is such a common mistake among English speakers that it might even become correct in the future.
在我们的例句中，我们需要一个主语代词——“I”。这是英语使用者中很常见的错误，甚至可能在将来会变得正确。
Let's look at question three. Join these sentences together using the words 'not only' and 'but'.
让我们看看第三个问题。使用“not only”和“but”这两个词将这些句子连接在一起。
Sentence one —'He didn't only wear mismatched socks.' Sentence two—'He also forgot to brush his teeth.'
第一句：'He didn't only wear mismatched socks.'第二句：'He also forgot to brush his teeth.'
I'll give you five seconds. The answer is—'Not only did he wear mismatched socks, but he also forgot to brush his teeth.'
五秒钟思考时间。答案是：'Not only did he wear mismatched socks, but he also forgot to brush his teeth.'
Did you get that? That's an inversion with a negative adverbial. We put the adverbial at the beginning and switch the normal order of the subject and auxiliary verb.
你明白了吗？这是一个带有否定状语的倒装。我们将状语放在开头，并切换主语和助动词的正常顺序。
Following 'not only' with 'but also' is very common. More information on that in the PDF. Here's question four. Choose the correct verb to fill the gap. 'The crowd _ getting restless.'
在“not only”后面加上“but also”是很常见的。PDF中有更多关于此的信息。第四个问题。选择正确的动词填空。'The crowd _ getting restless.'
Should it be 'is' or 'are'? 'The crowd is', 'the crowd are'. I'll give you some thinking time. The answer is both—in British English!
应该是'is'还是'are'？给你一些思考时间。答案是（在英式英语中）两者都可以！
'Crowd' is a collective noun, and collective nouns refer to a group of people or things as one. In British English, we often treat collective nouns as singular or plural.
'Crowd'是一个集合名词，集合名词指一群人或事物。在英式英语中，我们经常将集合名词视为单数或复数。
So, in our example sentence, 'is' and 'are' both work. In American English, people generally treat collective nouns as singular, so they would be more likely to use 'is' in our sentence.
所以，在我们的例句中，'is'和'are'都可以。在美式英语中，人们通常将集合名词视为单数，因此他们更有可能在我们的句子中使用'is'。
Okay, question five. Choose 'lay' or 'lie' to complete the sentences. Sentence one— 'Every evening, I like to _ in my hammock and look at the stars.'
问题五：选择'lay'或'lie'来完成句子。第一句——'Every evening, I like to _ in my hammock and look at the stars.'
Two— 'Please _ the dress on the bed.' I'll give you five seconds. The answers— 'Every evening, I like to lie in the hammock and look at the stars.'
第二句——'Please _ the dress on the bed.'我给你五秒钟。答案是'Every evening, I like to lie in the hammock and look at the stars.'
'Please lay the dress on the bed.' Did you get that one? 'Lay' and 'lie' are tricky for everyone, including me. I have to think about it sometimes.
'Please lay the dress on the bed.'你明白了吗？“Lay”和“lie”对每个人来说都很棘手，包括我。有时我不得不考虑一下。
'Lay' means to put something in a flat position, often gently. It should be followed by an object, which, in our example sentence, was 'the dress'.
“Lay”的意思是把某物平放在平的地方，通常是轻轻地。它后面应该跟着一个宾语，在我们的例句中，宾语是“the dress”。
'Lie' means to be in or get yourself into a flat position. It doesn't need an object. Okay, we're halfway through the lesson. How many of the questions have you got right so far?
“Lie”的意思是让自己处于平放的位置。它不需要宾语。好的，我们已经完成了一半的课程。到目前为止，你答对了多少个问题？
Is anyone sporting a five out of five? Let's see what happens with question six. How would you complete this sentence? 'It was _ historic day for the country.'
有人答对了五分之一吗？让我们看看第六个问题会发生什么。你会如何完成这个句子？'It was _ historic day for the country.'
Is it 'a' or 'an'? Okay, the answer, and some people are going to have something to say about this. Both are fine. Let me explain!
是“a”还是“an”？有些人会对此发表一些看法。两者都可以。让我解释一下！
You've probably been taught the rule to use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds.
你可能已经学过在辅音前使用“a”和在元音前使用“an”的规则。
'Historic' starts with the consonant sound 'h', and yes, people usually say 'a historic', but quite a lot of people say 'an historic'.
“Historic”以辅音“h”开头，是的，人们通常会说“a historical”，但很多人会说“an historical”。
You can choose which is easier for you to say based on your own pronunciation, particularly if you have an accent that tends to drop the 'h', 'an historic'.
您可以根据自己的发音选择更容易说的单词，特别是如果您的口音倾向于省略“h”，即“an historical”。
Certain accents do drop the 'h' at the beginning of words; then it would make a lot of sense to say 'an historic'. In writing, I would go for 'a historic'.
某些口音确实会省略单词开头的“h”；那么说“an historical”就说得通了。在写作中，我会选择“a historical”。
Okay, let's look at question seven. Which sentence is correct? The first—'To whom does this jacket belong?' Or the second—'Who does this jacket belong to?'
好的，让我们看看第七个问题。哪个句子是正确的？第一个句子——'To whom does this jacket belong?'第二个句子——'Who does this jacket belong to?'
I'll give you five seconds. Both are fine—again. Sorry, I'm really playing with you here. Technically, the first sentence is more correct.
五秒钟思考时间。两个都可以，抱歉，我真的在跟你开玩笑。严格来说，第一句话更正确。
When we have a preposition like 'to', we should use 'whom' in a relative clause, and these words should go at the beginning of the clause, but this is very formal and you won't hear it used very often in modern spoken English, or written English really.
当我们有像“to”这样的介词时，我们应该在关系从句中使用“whom”，这些词应该放在从句的开头，但这非常正式，在现代口语英语或书面英语中你不会经常听到。
It's much more common to say—'Who does this jacket belong to?' All right, question eight. Which word can you add to show that this is a habit?
更常见的是——'Who does this jacket belong to?'好的，第八个问题。你能添加哪个词来表明这是一种习惯？
'Our neighbour _ play heavy metal all night long.' This is a toughie. Have five seconds. The answer is 'will'. 'Our neighbour will play heavy metal all night long.'
'Our neighbour _ play heavy metal all night long.'这是一个难题。请给我五秒钟。答案是“will”。'Our neighbour will play heavy metal all night long.'
Yeah, 'will' doesn't just refer to the future. We can use it to talk about habits, either a general habit, or if you emphasise 'will', it can be an annoying habit.
是的，“will”不仅仅指未来。我们可以用它来谈论习惯，可以是一般的习惯，如果你强调“will”，它可能是一种令人讨厌的习惯。
'Our neighbour will play heavy metal all night long.' Okay, question nine. Which sentence is correct?
好的，第九个问题。哪个句子是正确的？
Number one—'It took me a long time to get the flu over.' Or number two—'It took me a long time to get over the flu.' Have your seconds.
第一句——'It took me a long time to get the flu over.'第二句——'It took me a long time to get over the flu.'
The second sentence 'to get over' in the sense of to recover from an illness is a non-separable phrasal verb, meaning you can't put the object, 'the flu', between the verb and the particle, so you get over something.
第二个句子“to get over”的意思是“从疾病中恢复过来”，这是一个不可分离的短语动词，这意味着你不能把宾语“the flu”放在动词和小品词之间。
Okay, we're on to number 10, our final question. Which of these sentences is punctuated correctly? Look at the final comma.
第十个问题，也是最后一个问题。这些句子中哪一个标点符号是正确的？看看最后的逗号。
Number one—'At the fair, I ate a toffee apple, brandy snap and candy floss.' Or number two—'At the fair, I ate a toffee apple, brandy snap, and candy floss.' Have five seconds.
第一个句子——'At the fair, I ate a toffee apple, brandy snap and candy floss.'第二个句子——'At the fair, I ate a toffee apple, brandy snap, and candy floss.'
The answer is both. Yep, both answers are correct again. The comma after brandy snap is one of the most controversial punctuation marks in English—the drama.
答案是两者都有。是的，两个答案都正确。brandy snap后面的逗号是英语中最具争议的标点符号之一。
It's called the Oxford comma. In American English, people often use a comma before the final 'and' in a list. In British English, at least between short items, people usually don't.
它被称为牛津逗号。在美式英语中，人们经常在列表中的最后一个“and”前使用逗号。在英式英语中，至少在短项之间，人们通常不这样做。
You can choose whether you use the Oxford comma or not, just be consistent with it. Okay, so how many of those grammar rules did you know?
您可以选择是否使用牛津逗号，只要保持一致即可。你知道多少语法规则？
Let me know your score out of 10 in the comments. If you answered all of those questions correctly, well done, your English is truly amazing!
请在评论中告诉我您的分数（满分10分）。如果您正确回答了所有这些问题，那么做得好，您的英语真的很棒！
Don't forget that we go into loads more detail in the free PDF that goes with this video.
别忘了，我们会在本视频附带的免费PDF中详细介绍这些语法。
You also get some interactive activities, and if you're really interested in mastering the advanced level of English, I really think you might like my Beautiful British English C1 Programme. We go into so much depth in this programme.
您还可以进行一些互动活动，如果您真的有兴趣掌握高级英语水平，我认为您可能会喜欢我的“Beautiful British English C1 Programme”。我们在这个课程中进行了深入探讨。
We focus on the nuances and intricacies of English to train you to speak beautifully, fluently. It's a fantastic programme. It features pronunciation lessons, conversation lessons.
我们聚焦于英语的细微差别和复杂性，以训练您说得漂亮、流利。这是一个很棒的课程。它包括发音课程和会话课程。
The listening and reading is delivered to you in an interactive story. You get access to our private course community. You can contact my expert team of teachers.
听力和阅读以互动故事的形式呈现给您。您可以访问我们的私人课程社区。您可以联系我的专业教师团队。
Look at the amazing experiences that some of my C1 programme graduates have had. I'm incredibly proud of them. They've done very well.
看看我的一些C1课程毕业生所拥有的奇妙经历。我为他们感到无比自豪。他们做得非常好。
If you are interested in learning more, visit englishwithlucy. com. I will see you soon for another lesson. Muah!
如果您有兴趣了解更多信息，请访问englishwithlucy.com。很快会再与您见面，上另一堂课。么么哒！
