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VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):印第安战争

来源:可可英语 编辑:sara   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet
  
  • Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English.
  • 欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目。
  • The United States began to expand west during the middle eighteen hundreds. People settled in the great open areas of the Dakotas, Utah, Wyoming, and California.
  • 美国在18世纪中叶开始向西扩张。人们定居在达科他州、犹他州、怀俄明州和加利福尼亚州的开阔地带。
  • The movement forced the nation to deal with great tribes of Native American Indians. The Indians had lived in the western territories for hundreds of years.
  • 这场运动迫使美国不得不与美洲土著印第安人的大部落打交道。印第安人在西部地区生活了几百年。
  • Settlers and cattle ranchers pushed the Indians out of their homelands. The result was a series of wars between the tribes and the federal government.
  • 定居者和牧场主把印第安人赶出他们的家园,结果是部落和联邦政府之间发生一系列战争。
  • This week in our series, Steve Ember and Sarah Long tell about some of these conflicts.
  • 本周,在我们的系列节目中,史蒂夫·恩伯和莎拉·隆讲述了其中一些冲突。
  • At first, the United States government had just one policy to deal with the Indians. It was brutal. Whenever white men wanted Indian land, the tribes were pushed farther west.
  • 起初,美国政府只有一项政策来对付印第安人。这项政策非常残忍。每当白人想要印第安人的土地,他们就把部落向更远的西部推挤。
  • If the Indians protested, or tried to defend their land, they were destroyed with crushing force.
  • 如果印第安人抗议,或者试图保卫自己的土地,他们就会被毁灭性的力量摧毁。
  • By the middle eighteen-hundreds, almost all the eastern Indians had been moved west of the Mississippi River.
  • 到18世纪中叶,几乎所有东部的印地安人都被移到密西西比河以西的地区。
  • They were given land in Indian territory in what is now the state of Oklahoma. The government described these Indians as "civilized."
  • 他们在现在的俄克拉荷马州的印第安人的领土上获得了土地。政府称这些印第安人为“文明人”。
  • This meant they were too weak to cause more trouble. Many agreed to follow the ways of the white men.
  • 其意思是他们太软弱,不会制造更多的麻烦。许多人同意效法白人的做法。
  • The Indians of the western grasslands were different. They refused to give up their way of life. These plains Indians were always on the move, because they hunted buffalo -- the American bison.
  • 西部草原上的印第安人就不同了,他们拒绝放弃自己的生活方式。这些平原上的印第安人总在移动,因为他们捕猎美洲野牛。
  • They followed great groups of the animals across the grassy plains. At that time, there were millions of these animals in the American west.
  • 他们跟着一大群动物穿过长满青草的平原。当时,在美国西部有数百万只这样的动物。
  • The Indians of the plains depended on the buffalo for almost everything they needed. Many of them were fierce fighters.
  • 住在平原上的印第安人几乎要靠水牛来获得他们需要的一切,他们中许多人是凶猛的战士。
  • The plains Indians did not want white men crossing their hunting lands. They often tried to destroy the wagon trains carrying settlers to California and Oregon.
  • 平原上的印第安人不希望白人穿越他们的猎场,他们经常试图摧毁运送移民到加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州的货车。
  • The United States army was given the job of keeping peace. Soldiers were sent to build roads and forts in the western plains.
  • 美国军队被赋予了维护和平的职责,士兵们被派往西部平原修路、建要塞。
  • They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks. They tried to keep white settlers from invading Indian lands.
  • 他们试图保护货车免受印第安人的袭击,试图阻止白人定居者入侵印第安人的土地。
  • There were many fights between the soldiers and the plains Indians. The soldiers had more powerful weapons. They usually won.
  • 士兵们和平原上的印第安人多次交战,士兵们拥有更强大的武器,所以通常能获胜。
  • Some plains Indians tried to live peacefully with the white men. One such group was part of the Sioux tribe, called Santee Sioux.
  • 一些住在平原上的印第安人试图与白人和平共处,部分苏族人就是这样的群体,他们叫做桑蒂.苏。
  • It was the largest and most powerful group in the west.
  • 它是西部最大、势力最强大的群体。
  • The Santee Sioux lived along the northeastern edge of the Great Plains in what is now the state of Minnesota. They signed treaties with the government giving up ninety percent of their land.
  • 苏族人生活在大平原的东北边缘,这里现在是明尼苏达州。他们与政府签订了放弃90%土地的条约。
  • The Santee agreed to live in a small area. In exchange, the United States agreed to make yearly payments to the tribe.
  • 苏族人同意居住在一个小地方。作为交换,美国同意每年向部落付款。
  • This made it possible for the Indians to buy food and other things from white traders.
  • 这使得印第安人有可能从白人商人那里购买食物和其他物品。
  • Trouble started, however, in the summer of eighteen sixty-two. The government was late giving the Indians their yearly payment.
  • 然而,麻烦开始于1862年夏天,政府推迟付给印第安人一年的付款。结果,印第安人没有钱购买食物。
  • As a result, the Indians lacked the money to buy food. The white traders refused to give the Indians credit to buy food. One trader said: "If they are hungry, let them eat grass."
  • 白人商人拒绝给予印第安人购买食物的信用。一个商人说:“如果他们饿了,就让他们吃草吧。”
  • The Indians were hungry. Soon, their hunger turned to anger. Finally, the local Indian chief called his men together. He gave the orders for war.
  • 印第安人很饿。很快,他们的饥饿转变成愤怒。最后,当地的印第安人首领召集部下,下令开战。
  • Early the next morning, the tribe attacked the trading stores. Most of the traders were killed, including the man who had insulted the Indians. He was found with his mouth filled with grass.
  • 第二天一早,部落袭击了贸易商店。大多数商人被杀,包括侮辱印第安人的那个人。人们发现他时,他嘴里塞满了草。
  • The governor of Minnesota sent a force of state soldiers to stop the Indian revolt. The soldiers had artillery.
  • 明尼苏达州州长派遣了一支州士兵部队来制止印第安人的叛乱。士兵们有大炮。
  • They killed several hundred Indians in battle. They hanged several others. Soon, the revolt was over.
  • 他们在战斗中杀死了几百名印第安人,绞死了另外几个人。不久,叛乱就结束了。
  • Trouble came next to parts of Colorado and Wyoming. This is where the Sioux Indians and the Cheyenne Indians lived.
  • 科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的部分地区也出现了麻烦,苏族印第安人和夏延族印第安人居住在这里。
  • The chief of the Lakota Sioux tribe was named Red Cloud. The Indians fought bitterly to keep white men out of their hunting grounds.
  • 拉科塔苏族部落首领被命名为“红云”。印第安人为了不让白人进入他们的狩猎场进行了激烈的战斗。
  • After two years of fighting, with many deaths on both sides, the government decided the struggle was too costly. It asked for peace.
  • 经过两年的战斗,双方都有很多人死亡,政府认定斗争代价太大,要求和平。
  • The Sioux and the Cheyenne agreed. They were given a large area of land north of Wyoming in the Dakota territory.
  • 苏人和夏安人同意了。他们在达科他州领地的怀俄明州北部获得了大片土地。
  • They also were given the right to use their old hunting lands farther north.
  • 他们也有权使用更北部的旧狩猎地。
  • The government agreed to close a road used by whites to cross the hunting grounds. And all soldiers were withdrawn from Sioux country.
  • 政府同意关闭一条白人穿过狩猎场的道路,所有士兵都撤出了苏族。
  • The war ended and peace came to the Sioux and the Cheyenne. With peace came a new United States policy toward other Indians of the West.
  • 战争结束了,苏族和夏延人获得了和平。随着和平的到来,美国对西部其他印第安人采取了新的政策,
  • The government decided to put aside an area of land for each tribe. The land was called a "reservation." Each tribe would live on its own reservation.
  • 政府决定为每个部落留出一块土地。这块土地被称为“保留地”,每个部落都在自己的保留地上生活。
  • Most of the reservations were in Indian territory in what is now the state of Oklahoma. Other reservations were in Dakota near the land of the Sioux.
  • 大部分保留地都在印第安人的领土内,位于现在的俄克拉荷马州,其他保留地在达科他州苏族土地附近。
  • The government believed it would cost less money and fewer lives to keep Indians on reservations. The Indians would be away from possible trouble with white settlers.
  • 政府认为,让印第安人在保留地上生活将花费更少的钱财和人力。印第安人将远离白人移民可能带来的麻烦。
  • Instead of moving freely over the plains to hunt buffalo, the Indians would live in one place. They would receive food and money from the government.
  • 印第安人将生活在某个地方,而不是在平原上自由地捕猎野牛。他们将从政府那里得到食物和拨款。
  • Officials came from Washington to explain this new policy to the Indians. A big meeting was held.
  • 来自华盛顿的官员们,向印第安人解释这项新政策。他们举行了一次大型会议。
  • Chiefs representing many tribes attended. The chiefs spoke, one after another, to the government officials.
  • 许多部落的酋长都出席了会议。酋长们依次向政府官员发言。
  • All of the chiefs said they, too, wished to live in peace with the white men. But many questioned the decision to move to reservations.
  • 所有的首领都表示,他们也想和白人和平相处。但许多人对搬到保留地的决定表示质疑。
  • One who did so was Chief Ten Bears of the Comanche tribe. He said: "There are things which you have said to me that I do not like.
  • 其中一个是科曼切人的首领比尔斯。他说:“有些事你对我说过,我不喜欢。
  • You said you wanted to put us on a reservation. You said you would build houses for us. I do not want your houses.
  • 你说你想让我们到保留地生活,为我们盖房子。我不想要你的房子。
  • I was born on the plains where the wind blows free, and there is nothing to break the light of the sun.
  • 我出生在平原上,那里的风不要钱,没有什么可以阻断阳光。
  • I was born where everything breathed a free breath. I want to die there...not within walls."
  • 我出生在万物自由呼吸的地方。我想在那里终结自己的生命,而不是在有墙的屋子里。”
  • So the government and the Indians reached a compromise. The tribes were given reservations in Indian territory.
  • 所以,政府和印第安人达成了妥协。政府把印第安人领土上的保留地分给各个部落。
  • But they were also given permission to hunt buffalo in a wide area south of the reservations.
  • 但是,也准许他们在保留区南部的一片广袤的区域狩猎水牛。
  • The Indians agreed to give up all their old lands. They agreed to live in peace on the reservations.
  • 印第安人同意放弃他们所有的旧土地,同意在保留地上和平地生活。
  • In exchange, the United States promised to give the Indians all the food, clothing, and other things they needed. It also promised to give them schools and medical care.
  • 作为交换,美国承诺给印第安人提供需要的所有食物、衣服和其他物品。同时,还承诺给与他们学校和医疗服务。
  • The Indians were not happy with this agreement. They did not want to give up their old ways of living. However, they saw they had no choice. The government was too strong.
  • 印第安人对这个协议并不满意,他们不想放弃原来的生活方式。然而,他们别无选择。政府的势力太强大了。
  • They waited weeks, then months, for help to move to the new reservations. They could not understand the delay in carrying out the agreement.
  • 他们等了几个星期,又等了几个月,才有人帮他们搬到新的保留地。他们无法理解协议延误实施的原因。
  • The delay was in Washington, D.C. Congress could not agree on how much money to spend on the Indians.
  • 延误发生在华盛顿特区,国会无法就印第安人的花费一事达成一致。
  • So the lawmakers refused to approve the agreement. They left the situation unsettled.
  • 所以,议员们拒绝批准这项协议,他们使局势悬而未决。
  • Again, Indians were forced to watch angrily as white settlers began moving onto lands they had agreed to give up.
  • 印第安人又一次被迫愤怒地看着白人定居者,开始迁移到他们同意放弃的土地上。
  • As the whites moved in, the buffalo and other animals left. The Indians had difficulty finding food.
  • 当白人搬入时,水牛和其他动物都离开了。印第安人很难找到食物。
  • Soldiers shared their food with the Indians. It was not enough.
  • 士兵们把食物分给印第安人,但这样做并还不够。
  • Western officials sent urgent messages to Washington asking for supplies for the Indians. No supplies could be sent until Congress approved the money to buy them.
  • 西部官员向华盛顿发出紧急信息,要求为印第安人提供补给。在国会批准购买物资之前,任何物资都不能寄出。
  • As before, some of the Indians became angry and refused to wait any longer. Their anger led to new fighting. In the end, it was a fight that failed to win back their land.
  • 和以前一样,一些印第安人变得愤怒起来,他们拒绝再等下去。愤怒导致了新的争斗。这场战斗最终未能夺回他们的土地。
  • That will be our story in the next program of THE MAKING OF A NATION.
  • 这将是我们在下一期建国史话节目中要讲述的故事。


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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目=A6~1dPaIRyF。美国在18世纪中叶开始向西扩张q(blXNK_92+Di。人们定居在达科他州、犹他州、怀俄明州和加利福尼亚州的开阔地带|zafvKlbLz!W,zbD~。这场运动迫使美国不得不与美洲土著印第安人的大部落打交道s_X7Fo,Op]9IO5,。印第安人在西部地区生活了几百年jtpFF[-nN_WYwDgYv-。定居者和牧场主把印第安人赶出他们的家园,结果是部落和联邦政府之间发生一系列战争]i@GIUO7oS64_zsy=j。本周,在我们的系列节目中,史蒂夫·恩伯和莎拉·隆讲述了其中一些冲突i&l=LRy@w%WgW。起初,美国政府只有一项政策来对付印第安人.iDT&J,FO2x5t^.MehzA。这项政策非常残忍28L#EwGU9BU。每当白人想要印第安人的土地,他们就把部落向更远的西部推挤-tdErT0s8dW+c。如果印第安人抗议,或者试图保卫自己的土地,他们就会被毁灭性的力量摧毁8uYIH~Q0KaF7^
到18世纪中叶,几乎所有东部的印地安人都被移到密西西比河以西的地区IF=D(0;g@8J)kl#x。他们在现在的俄克拉荷马州的印第安人的领土上获得了土地]!pzo76xQf+X2HlG。政府称这些印第安人为“文明人”,其意思是他们太软弱,不会制造更多的麻烦YvLWLu#ak5w4B|-。许多人同意效法白人的做法mtHsz-,P*WQv。西部草原上的印第安人就不同了,他们拒绝放弃自己的生活方式c*WHzy9#ij4mP8YM2|(v。这些平原上的印第安人总在移动,因为他们捕猎美洲野牛g%yfzm]6R)hFLZ-。他们跟着一大群动物穿过长满青草的平原(Yj8@GX)kp。当时,在美国西部有数百万只这样的动物hemVv7aKGxCL6r#K+IF。住在平原上的印第安人几乎要靠水牛来获得他们需要的一切,他们中许多人是凶猛的战士wkdE4Ui_-I%bW8*8d;SU。平原上的印第安人不希望白人穿越他们的猎场,他们经常试图摧毁运送移民到加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州的货车blAD62xNGr1~FF。美国军队被赋予了维护和平的职责,士兵们被派往西部平原修路、建要塞fXXalHm,Oa7@9ZCD[Y。他们试图保护货车免受印第安人的袭击,试图阻止白人定居者入侵印第安人的土地u#-!wB0xiP_3^QZ=_mi[。士兵们和平原上的印第安人多次交战,士兵们拥有更强大的武器,所以通常能获胜s|TAWb+M[*;T!Y7j(DB
一些住在平原上的印第安人试图与白人和平共处,部分苏族人就是这样的群体,他们叫做桑蒂.苏wDo4ij=FC^w%@7k。它是西部最大、势力最强大的群体ie8926!##*3RqDb。苏族人生活在大平原的东北边缘,这里现在是明尼苏达州;z~fTVVbH9=qeg^wv。他们与政府签订了放弃90%土地的条约Ew,mg@0iAAWLdT1-)UQL。苏族人同意居住在一个小地方dT!E*;qksjZZi2=2aeB。作为交换,美国同意每年向部落付款[4YJ5TzYp1JDTq,H。这使得印第安人有可能从白人商人那里购买食物和其他物品o!RIGw~Is!TGj。然而,麻烦开始于1862年夏天,政府推迟付给印第安人一年的付款wm.|qSw5,wOB。结果,印第安人没有钱购买食物=zNjXv]m_o。白人商人拒绝给予印第安人购买食物的信用AQ%0c4uJqt。一个商人说:“如果他们饿了,就让他们吃草吧R2_V1pqBvl].FOu。”印第安人很饿]mU+XqY*D@h40K。很快,他们的饥饿转变成愤怒~MCBM@@5d4=cIKH=。最后,当地的印第安人首领召集部下,下令开战%QvH|0vA_ME2d5!
第二天一早,部落袭击了贸易商店Hjtp2xC6tPO+dKv;g~。大多数商人被杀,包括侮辱印第安人的那个人c[[N#D8%RcMxT^!。人们发现他时,他嘴里塞满了草*fB+I8HCk8*hnOXAEN5n。明尼苏达州州长派遣了一支州士兵部队来制止印第安人的叛乱c9YoUc,G-|。士兵们有大炮,他们在战斗中杀死了几百名印第安人,绞死了另外几个人0ynSG^a~+,,gMW。不久,叛乱就结束了8pWvx(DbdeobUi96s。科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的部分地区也出现了麻烦,苏族印第安人和夏延族印第安人居住在这里s13ea#89@oVE=@%。拉科塔苏族部落首领被命名为“红云”dhGRtT^S%G[_Liz-i。印第安人为了不让白人进入他们的狩猎场进行了激烈的战斗9tmgC5EdJA=u90L。经过两年的战斗,双方都有很多人死亡,政府认定斗争代价太大,要求和平~=oMN09E3UWCO=-X。苏人和夏安人同意了g+!lx-^([f|.!。他们在达科他州领地的怀俄明州北部获得了大片土地~W[sq1B%3bHE~DzD。他们也有权使用更北部的旧狩猎地QxJ]^DXTu_QuUiax9D。政府同意关闭一条白人穿过狩猎场的道路,所有士兵都撤出了苏族9-Ib76Q&I6pqVX)NI
战争结束了,苏族和夏延人获得了和平qhYj*9+6jqeW4。随着和平的到来,美国对西部其他印第安人采取了新的政策,政府决定为每个部落留出一块土地RLyXR5Kfa)G^M。这块土地被称为“保留地”,每个部落都在自己的保留地上生活yb~YsE;gM[l^hA。大部分保留地都在印第安人的领土内,位于现在的俄克拉荷马州,其他保留地在达科他州苏族土地附近kXf&c+EgDUqtgc|。政府认为,让印第安人在保留地上生活将花费更少的钱财和人力K8tpz*mQzd]kvs#P。印第安人将远离白人移民可能带来的麻烦.Ch_|ywRZZ。印第安人将生活在某个地方,而不是在平原上自由地捕猎野牛]VAB##~jQ4)7h!rM0ai。他们将从政府那里得到食物和拨款0Vw2S%ypJdd。来自华盛顿的官员们,向印第安人解释这项新政策)O_SxT]5X!b=IC。他们举行了一次大型会议,许多部落的酋长都出席了会议RM~^WChXb3bALpN。酋长们依次向政府官员发言eh-*PNZUrG
所有的首领都表示,他们也想和白人和平相处m5n%W[LIM4~qf@CPt!j。但许多人对搬到保留地的决定表示质疑|Bq%8-J!l7NIb]。其中一个是科曼切人的首领比尔斯*!+vt;bUc+c@n。他说:“有些事你对我说过,我不喜欢3T]D1VK=lsgr=YC&8qO2。你说你想让我们到保留地生活,为我们盖房子,,*Sb!^-5Z|YRzZs1。我不想要你的房子Os]=oQybXZZYAXXow。我出生在平原上,那里的风不要钱,没有什么可以阻断阳光6h#a;~)OfO|gpKJgG**。我出生在万物自由呼吸的地方.KUYpbC4z(+E6WO3DDRT。我想在那里终结自己的生命,而不是在有墙的屋子里N)xeyOVmBRl。”所以,政府和印第安人达成了妥协r.sCCv_qpw。政府把印第安人领土上的保留地分给各个部落32zFF7eNU42)CP。但是,也准许他们在保留区南部的一片广袤的区域狩猎水牛Y8i1aJ1C3C(-@drf。印第安人同意放弃他们所有的旧土地,同意在保留地上和平地生活tOU(V)Cv_Dlv。作为交换,美国承诺给印第安人提供需要的所有食物、衣服和其他物品^ag5aqNa#QM。同时,还承诺给与他们学校和医疗服务Lv%+L1mfVb[KNmD7H。印第安人对这个协议并不满意,他们不想放弃原来的生活方式gt,xx9X2jGR&eji.c#.。然而,他们别无选择,VK)ldcYkTNA4M。政府的势力太强大了AVLC-90~mt.lF@l-!|E
他们等了几个星期,又等了几个月,才有人帮他们搬到新的保留地iR#;_CLtGdg|(@y@[。他们无法理解协议延误实施的原因Jd]IzxrVr9R&Z[EI。延误发生在华盛顿特区,国会无法就印第安人的花费一事达成一致w2zZHM|EAY+jPC#@ush。所以,议员们拒绝批准这项协议,他们使局势悬而未决T_0!K=HBz6p&8YMOrI。印第安人又一次被迫愤怒地看着白人定居者,开始迁移到他们同意放弃的土地上!n32_E%U)c_。当白人搬入时,水牛和其他动物都离开了^%~NvWa&cgc,n[K_h。印第安人很难找到食物2.w41oI%,x;。士兵们把食物分给印第安人,但这样做并还不够5@V%w8GG+SX6R1|h+eq。西部官员向华盛顿发出紧急信息,要求为印第安人提供补给dW,d2G,1-=],YN@aUpRO。在国会批准购买物资之前,任何物资都不能寄出uUPvQ&o%di,[hc]Xa_S7。和以前一样,一些印第安人变得愤怒起来,他们拒绝再等下去Q%wz=8ZNVX,vst3eS&。愤怒导致了新的争斗]^i9;a&93Ee&a。这场战斗最终未能夺回他们的土地iK=ppI23Gxu)zJIm]z80。这将是我们在下一期建国史话节目中要讲述的故事5kucm(r9,qrJmR(

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n. 活动,运动,移动,[音]乐章

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n. 四轮马车,货车
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protect [prə'tekt]

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n. 妥协,折衷,折衷案
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