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And now, Words and Their Stories, from VOA Learning English.
欢迎收听VOA慢速英语《词汇掌故》节目。
Sweat. Those tiny drops of perspiration that make up part of our bodies cooling system.
汗水。这些微小的汗珠组成了我们身体冷却系统的一部分。
We sweat when we do hard physical work. We sweat when we exercise.
当我们做艰苦的体力劳动时，我们出汗。我们运动时出汗。
In these situations we can say we "work up a sweat."
在这些情况下，我们可以说“work up a sweat”。
For example, running is a great way to work up a sweat.
例如，跑步是一种让人出汗的好方法。
We also sweat when it is hot outside.
当外面很热的时候，我们也会出汗。
But we wouldn't say we worked up a sweat. We didn't do any work. We just got sweaty by being hot.
但我们不会说我们“worked up a sweat”。 我们没有做任何工作。 我们只是因为热而出汗。
We often use another verb when talking about sweating: break.
在谈论出汗时，我们经常使用另一个动词：break。
For example, when I helped my friend move to her new apartment, I barely broke a sweat.
例如，当我帮助我的朋友搬到她的新公寓时，我几乎没有流汗。
That is because she doesn't own very much.
那是因为她拥有的东西并不多。
I just needed to help her move some books, kitchen items, a box of clothes, and a cat.
我只需要帮她搬些书、厨房用品、一盒衣服和一只猫。
Now, there are other situations when people may sweat.
还有其他情况下，人们可能会出汗。
When we are very scared, nervous, worried, or simply uncertain about something, we could sweat.
当我们非常害怕、紧张、担心或只是不确定某事时，我们会出汗。
If any of these feelings go to an extreme, we might say we "broke out in a cold sweat."
如果这些感觉中的任何一种变得极端，我们可能会说我们“出一身冷汗”。
For example, people who do not like to speak in front of strangers might break out in a cold sweat if they have to talk to a large crowd of people.
例如，不喜欢在陌生人面前说话的人如果不得不与一大群人交谈，可能会出一身冷汗。
Sweating can also be a sign that you are unsure of your ability.
出汗也可能是你对自己能力不确定的信号。
That is why one popular advertisement for underarm deodorant had this famous expression: "Never let them see you sweat."
那就是为什么腋下除臭剂的一个流行广告有这句名言:“永远不要让他们看到你出汗。”
Sweating could also be seen as a sign that you lying—or at least not telling the whole truth.
出汗也可能被视为说谎的信号——或者至少没有说出全部真相。
If you watch crime shows, sweating is one thing police look for when they question a suspect of a crime.
如果你看犯罪节目，警察在审问犯罪嫌疑人的时候会注意出汗。
Now, sometimes we use the word sweat in a strange way.
有时候我们会以一种奇怪的方式使用“sweat”这个词。
Let's say you help someone do something. But it was really not a big deal for you.
假设你帮助某人做某事。但这对你来说真的没什么大不了的。
The person thanks you. And you can say to them, "No sweat!"
那个人感谢你。你可以对他们说，“No sweat!”
This just means it was easy for you to do. But I would only use this with someone I know fairly well.
这只是说明你做起来很容易。但我只会在我非常熟悉的人面前用这个表达。
Here is another strange expression: "Don't sweat it." This is a way of saying "no problem" or "don't worry about it."
下面是另一个奇怪的表达:“Don't sweat it.” 。这是“no problem”或“don't worry about it”的一种表达方式。
Here's a quick story. One time, my roommate and I decided to have a stoop sale.
这里有一个简短的故事。有一次，我的室友和我决定搞一次低价大甩卖。
This is a fun way to get rid of stuff and make a little money.
这是一种处理东西并赚点钱的有趣方式。
It also gives you a chance to see people in the neighborhood because the stoop is the front area of a building—the part with the steps.
它还让你有机会看到附近的人，因为门廊是建筑物的前部区域——有台阶的部分。
In the morning, we worked up a sweat carrying all the items down.
早上，我们把所有的东西都搬下来，汗流浃背。
But once things were set up, we could relax and talk to people who stopped by.
但是一旦事情安排妥当，我们就可以放松下来，与路过的人交谈。
It was really fun to get rid of things we no longer wanted.
摆脱我们不再想要的东西真的很有趣。
And by the end of the day we had earned nearly $100 to spend on a little party for everyone.
到那天结束的时候，我们已经赚了将近100美元，可以用来为每个人举办一个小派对。
It was a really hot day and during the sale, I sweated up a storm.
那天真的很热，在大减价的时候，我大汗淋漓。
So, I took off my favorite jacket and set it aside. By the end of the morning, I couldn't find it.
于是，我脱下我最喜欢的夹克，把它放在一边。到上午结束时，我找不到它了。
My roommate asked me, "Was it the black jacket with lightning on it?" "Yes," I answered.
我的室友问我:“是那件有闪电图案的黑色夹克吗?”“是的,”我回答。
She quietly said, "I think I sold it." I could tell that she felt badly.
她小声说:“我想我把它卖了。”我看得出她很难过。
So, to make her feel better I said, "Don't sweat it! It's not a big deal. Come on, let's order pizza and drinks!"
所以，为了让她感觉好一点，我说:“别担心!没什么大不了的。来吧，我们点披萨和饮料!”
Inside, though, I must admit ... I was a little upset. It was my favorite jacket. But those feelings did not last long.
但我必须承认，在内心深处……我有点不高兴。那是我最喜欢的夹克。但这种感觉并没有持续太久。
There are too many serious problems in life.
生活中有太多严重的问题。
So, it is important to not get upset about small things. In other words, don't sweat the small stuff.
所以，重要的是不要为小事而烦恼。换句话说，“don't sweat the small stuff”。
Here is my last note on usage.
下面是关于该用法的最后一点说明。
While "sweat" and "perspiration" are physically the same thing, the two words are often not used the same way.
虽然客观上“sweat”和“perspiration”是同一个意思，但这两个词的用法往往不一样。
We do not say "perspiration" in the same informal way we say "sweat."
我们说“perspiration”的方式和我们说“sweat”的方式不一样。
So, with all of the expressions we heard today, we only use the word "sweat."
所以，在我们今天听到的所有表达中，我们只使用“sweat”这个词。
We would not say we "worked up perspiration" or "broke perspiration."
我们不会说我们“worked up perspiration”或“broke perspiration”。
And we definitely would not say, Don't perspire the small stuff.
我们绝对不会说“Don't perspire the small stuff”。
But if you make a mistake ... don't sweat it!
但是如果你犯了错误…...别担心!
And that's it for this Words and Their Stories. Until next time, I'm Anna Matteo.
以上就是本期《词汇掌故》节目的全部内容。下次见…… 我是安娜·马特奥。
