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And now, Words and Their Stories, from VOA Learning English.
欢迎收听VOA慢速英语《词汇掌故》节目。
At the beginning of a new year, some people like to start with a clean slate.
新年伊始，有些人喜欢重新开始。
They like to start fresh.
他们喜欢重新开始。
Sometimes that involves simply cleaning your house and getting rid of things you do not need.
有时就只是简单地打扫一下你的房子，扔掉你不需要的东西。
Some things you can give away to others or donate.
你可以把一些东西捐赠给他人。
Other things without value or use are trash.
其他没有价值或用途的东西就是垃圾。
And so trash is our topic for today.
所以垃圾也是我们今天的话题。
After we talk about some trash expressions, you will hear them used in a conversation.
在我们讨论完一些有关垃圾的短语之后，你会在一段对话中听到它们的用法。
In American English, we have other words for trash such as garbage and rubbish.
在美式英语中，我们可以用其他词来表示垃圾（trash），比如garbage和rubbish。
They all mean the same thing.
它们的意思都是一样的。
Sometimes we use them interchangeably in expressions.
有时我们会在表达中互换使用它们。
But sometimes we don't.
但有时我们不会。
Let's begin with this expression: trash talk.
让我们从这个短语开始：trash talk。
"Trash talk" is insulting speech aimed at a person or a group.
“Trash talk”是指针对某人或某一群体的侮辱性言论。
Trash talk is very common in sports.
在体育运动中，“口水战”是很常见的。
Members of one team could trash talk to members of another team.
一个团队的成员可能会说另一个团队的成员的坏话。
For example, in baseball, if a player hits the ball poorly, the other team might say, "My 80-year-old grandmother hits harder than that!"
例如，在棒球比赛中，如果一名球员击球很差，另一支球队可能会说，“我80岁的祖母击球都比这厉害！”
The term "trash talk" is a set expression.
“trash talk”是一个固定短语。
So, we do not say "garbage talk" or "rubbish talk."
所以，我们不说“garbage talk”或“rubbish talk”。
Trash talk has another meaning.
Trash talk还有另一层含义。
It can mean meaningless or false talk.
它的意思是毫无意义或虚假的谈话。
We also call that kind of trash talk a load of nonsense.
我们也称这种trash talk为a load of nonsense（一派胡言）。
In that case, you could say that trash talk is a "load of rubbish," or a "load of garbage."
在这种情况下，你可以说trash talk是“a load of rubbish”，或者“a load of garbage”。
Those all work and sound natural.
这些都对，听起来也很自然。
Here is another expression that uses the words rather well: "Good riddance to bad rubbish."
下面是另一个用这些词用得相当好的短语：“Good riddance to bad rubbish。”
We say "good riddance" as a way of saying "goodbye" to something bad that will not be missed.
“good riddance”的意思是向那些不会被错过的坏事说“再见”。
So, "good riddance to bad rubbish" means it is better for everyone that the person or thing is leaving.
所以，“good riddance to bad rubbish”的意思是这个人或东西的离开对每个人都更好。
We could also say "good riddance to bad garbage."
我们也可以说“good riddance to bad garbage。”
However, "good riddance to bad trash" does not sound right.
然而，“good riddance to bad trash”听起来不太对。
So, we do not use trash in that expression.
因此，我们在这个短语中不使用trash。
Now, there are other expressions that use garbage and trash but not rubbish.
还有其他短语使用garbage和trash，而不使用rubbish。
A raccoon is an animal known for getting into people's trash cans and stealing their garbage.
浣熊是一种以钻进人们的垃圾桶、偷走垃圾而闻名的动物。
The black color around the eyes makes a raccoon look like a bandit or a robber.
浣熊眼睛周围的黑色使它看起来像强盗。
So, a funny name for a raccoon is either trash bandit or garbage bandit.
因此，浣熊的一个有趣的名字要么是trash bandit，要么是garbage bandit（垃圾强盗）。
We do not, however, call it a rubbish bandit.
然而，我们不称它为rubbish bandit。
Again, it just doesn't sound right.
这听起来也不太对。
The same thing happens when a person uses bad language.
当一个人说脏话时，同样的情况也会发生。
We say he has a garbage mouth or she has a trash mouth.
我们说他有一张garbage mouth，或者说她有一张trash mouth。
Again, we do not say rubbish mouth.
我们也不说rubbish mouth。
Our last expression for today is "garbage in, garbage out."
我们今天的最后一个短语是“garbage in, garbage out。”
This means if something is of bad quality or done incorrectly, it most likely will produce poor results.
它的意思是，如果某样东西的质量不好或某件事做得不正确，很可能会产生不好的结果。
In computing, you might hear an engineer say garbage in, or bad codes, will produce garbage out, or poor computer programs.
在计算机领域，你可能会听到工程师说垃圾进，即错误代码，会产生垃圾，即糟糕的计算机程序。
But you can use it for other situations as well.
但是你也可以在其他情况下使用它。
For example, we often say "garbage in, garbage out" as a warning to eat healthy food.
例如，我们经常说“垃圾进，垃圾出”作为吃健康食品的警告。
If you put bad food in your body, your energy and physical abilities will be affected.
如果你吃了不健康的食物，你的精力和体能都会受到影响。
For this expression, it is common to use "garbage."
对于这个短语，使用“garbage”是很常见的。
Others will understand you if you say, "rubbish in, rubbish out" or "trash in, trash out."
如果你说“rubbish in, rubbish out”或者“trash in, trash out”，别人会明白你的意思。
But they don't sound as natural as "garbage in, garbage out."
但它们听起来不像“garbage in, garbage out”那样自然。
Now, as promised, let's hear two friends use some of these expressions.
正如承诺的那样，让我们来听两个朋友是如何使用其中的一些短语的。
How was the basketball game last night? Did your team win?
昨晚的篮球赛怎么样？你们队赢了吗？
We did! We beat the other team by like 20 points.
我们赢了！我们以大概20分的优势打败了另一支球队。
Wow. You creamed them! What happened? Did they forget how to play?
哇。你们彻底打败了他们！发生了什么？他们忘了怎么打了吗？
They said they didn't practice … at all. So, you know what they say: Garbage in, garbage out.
他们说他们根本没有练习。所以，你知道他们说什么：垃圾进，垃圾出。
Well, win or lose -- it sounds like you had fun.
不管输赢——听起来你们玩得很开心。
We did. The second best thing about the game was all the trash-talking. We got very creative with our insults.
我们玩得很开心。这场比赛的第二大精彩之处是所有的“口水战”。我们的侮辱性话语很有创意。
Didn't the other team get mad?
难道对方队不生气吗？
Nah! It's all in good fun. They were doing their own trash talking. Soon we were competing over who had the best insults!
不！都是开玩笑的。他们在说他们自己的侮辱性话语。很快，我们就开始比谁说侮辱性话语更厉害了！
That does sound fun, especially if no one takes it personally.
听起来确实很有趣，尤其是听完大家都不会生气的话。
Well … one guy on the other team did. He kept dropping the ball. So, we called him butter hands.
另一队的一个家伙生气了。他不停地丢球。所以我们叫他“黄油手”。
I'm guessing he didn't like that.
我猜他不喜欢这样。
No, he didn't. He actually left the game. But his teammates didn't seem to care. All they said was … good riddance to bad rubbish!
是的，他不喜欢。他实际上退出了比赛。但他的队友们似乎并不在意。他们只说……他终于走了！
Now, That is really trashy trash talk.
这真是无聊的“口水战”。
And that's all the time we have for this Words and Their Stories.
以上就是本期《词汇掌故》节目的全部内容。
Hopefully using our content at VOA Learning English is not garbage in, garbage out.
希望在VOA慢速英语中的内容不是垃圾进，垃圾出。
Until next time … I'm Anna Matteo!
下次见……我是安娜·马特奥！
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
