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The port at Long Beach, California is one of the busiest in the United States.
加州长滩港是美国最繁忙的港口之一。
Its owners are making changes to the equipment used to move containers from ships and around the port.
它的所有者正在对用于从船上和港口周围运送集装箱的设备进行改造。
The U.S. government is paying for some of the changes.
美国政府支付了一部分改造费用。
The company wants to buy electric work vehicles and automated machinery.
该公司想要购买电动劳动车和自动化机械。
The goal is to reduce the production of carbon gases and improve performance at the port.
目标是减少碳气体的产生，提高港口的绩效。
But the workers are concerned about keeping their jobs.
但工人们担心的是如何保住自己的工作。
Anthony Otto works for the Australian company Macquarie.
安东尼·奥托就职于澳大利亚麦格理公司。
It purchased the port in 2019.
该公司于2019年收购了这个港口。
Otto is the port's chief executive.
奥托是该港口的首席执行官。
Macquarie started a port electrification project.
麦格理公司启动了一个港口电气化项目。
Its goal was to make the port more effective and to use less power.
它的目标是使港口更有效率，使用更少的能量。
The electrification project meant a lot of the equipment is to run on power from the state's electricity grid and not from motors that run on fuel.
该电气化项目意味着许多设备将依靠该州电网提供的电力运行，而不是使用燃料驱动的发动机。
Otto said the Long Beach port's performance improved in 2022.
奥托表示，2022年长滩港的绩效有所改善。
It moved three times the cargo compared to 2019 and created 90 percent less carbon gases.
它的货物运输量是2019年的三倍，碳气体排放量减少了90%。
The people who work there direct self-driving machines to move heavy containers.
在那里工作的人指挥自动驾驶机器移动沉重的集装箱。
Others use hand-held controls to move containers on and off ships and trains with robots.
还有一些人则使用手持控制器来操控机器人将集装箱搬上和搬下船或火车。
Sensors in the pavement help small vehicles and large trucks move through the port area.
人行道上的传感器帮助小型汽车和大型卡车通过港口区域。
Otto said truckers spent less time last year waiting to pick up or drop off containers.
奥托说，去年卡车司机等待装卸集装箱的时间减少了。
That also reduced pollution from diesel fuel engines.
这也减少了柴油发动机造成的污染。
But port workers, who are part of a labor organization, worry that robots, self-driving vehicles, and electrification will cost them their jobs.
但是，作为劳工组织的一部分，港口工人担心机器人、自动驾驶汽车和电气化会让他们失去工作。
Otto said even if some traditional jobs for port workers are gone, new technology has created other jobs.
奥托说，即使适合港口工人的一些传统工作岗位消失了，新技术也创造了其他工作岗位。
But in a discussion with the Reuters news agency, he would not discuss the job cuts.
但在与路透社的讨论中，他不愿讨论裁员问题。
He did say, however, that the company spends more money on worker salaries than before.
不过，他确实表示，该公司在员工工资上的支出比以前更多。
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says transportation, which includes work at ports, is one of the nation's biggest producers of carbon gases.
美国国家环境保护局表示，包括港口工作在内的交通运输是美国最大的碳气体排放源之一。
Those gases have been linked to warming of the Earth's atmosphere.
这些气体与地球大气变暖有关。
Making more ports electric would reduce the number of large diesel engines that release carbon gases.
让更多的港口用电将会减少排放碳气体的大型柴油发动机的数量。
Also, with electrification, more jobs can be automated.
此外，随着电气化，更多的工作可以自动化。
However, some reports say automation reduces jobs.
然而，一些报道称，自动化减少了就业机会。
One labor group that represents port workers in California said in 2020 and 2021, the Long Beach port lost almost 400 jobs that would have existed had it not been automated.
一个代表加利福尼亚州港口工人的劳工组织表示，在2020年和2021年，长滩港失去了近400个工作岗位，如果没有自动化，这些工作岗位依旧会存在。
The next step in the process at Long Beach is to use $30 million to buy large electric vehicles that can move heavy containers.
长滩的下一步计划是用3000万美元购买可以搬运重型集装箱的大型电动汽车。
The money comes from the U.S. government.
这笔钱来自美国政府。
The port received the money based on a plan to release no carbon emissions by 2030.
该港口是根据到2030年实现零碳排放的计划获得这笔资金的。
The government money comes with a requirement that the new equipment cannot result in a loss of total jobs or reduce the quality of the jobs.
政府的资金附带了一项要求，即新设备不能导致工作岗位总量流失或降低工作质量。
The port workers hope the company that runs the port follows those rules.
港口工人希望经营港口的公司遵守这些规定。
The Pacific Maritime Association is a non-profit industry group.
太平洋海事协会是一个非营利性行业组织。
In a report, it said the number of hours paid to workers at Long Beach and another port in Los Angeles increased by over 30 percent from 2015 to 2021.
该协会在一份报告中表示，从2015年到2021年，长滩和洛杉矶另一个港口的工人的时薪增加了30%以上。
That was during the period of automation at Long Beach.
那是在长滩自动化期间发生的。
Even as port operators look to automate more jobs, two independent reports said that might not be the best idea.
尽管港口运营商希望实现更多工作的自动化，但两份独立报告称，这可能不是最好的主意。
One of the reports, by business advisor McKinsey and Co., found that automated ports are not more productive than ports with mainly human workers.
商业咨询公司麦肯锡公司的一份报告发现，自动化港口的生产率并不比主要由人工工作的港口更高。
That is because when the automated ports get busy, they cannot call in extra workers.
这是因为当自动化港口变得繁忙时，它们不能调用额外的工人。
Jaime Hipsher is a member of the workers' group.
杰米·希普舍尔是工人组织的成员。
She said her father worked at the ports but lost his job.
她说，她的父亲在港口工作，但失去了工作。
He worked at a coal processing center.
他在一家煤炭加工中心工作。
Hipsher said a change in the way ports use energy resulted in some job losses, and she is worried about more losses because of electrification.
希普舍尔说，港口使用能源方式的改变导致一些工作岗位流失，她担心电气化会导致更多工作岗位流失。
She said, often "electrification is connected with automation."
她说，电气化往往与自动化联系在一起。
Hipsher added, "That isn't necessarily the way electrification needs to go."
希普舍尔补充说，“这并不一定是电气化需要走的路。”
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
