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Doctors in New York City have transplanted a pig's organ into a brain-dead man and watched as it performed normally for over a month.
纽约市的医生将一只猪的器官移植到一个脑死亡的人体内，观察了一个多月后，发现它正常运转。
Brain death is a state in which a person's brain no longer carries out even its most basic activities for life.
脑死亡是一种状态，在这种状态下，人的大脑甚至不再进行最基本的生命活动。
The pig kidney transplant is a step toward realizing the hopes of the New York team to try the operation on living patients.
猪肾移植是朝着实现纽约团队希望在活着的患者身上尝试手术的方向迈出的一步。
Scientists around the country want to learn how to use animal organs to save human lives.
全国各地的科学家都想学习如何利用动物器官来拯救人类的生命。
Doctors believe bodies donated for research will help them develop the operation for patients.
医生们相信，捐赠用于研究的遗体将会有助于他们为患者开展手术。
The latest experiment was announced Wednesday by New York University Langone Health.
纽约大学朗格尼医学中心周三宣布了这项最新实验。
It marks the longest time that a pig kidney has worked in a living or dead person.
这是猪肾在活人或死人体内运转时间最长的一次。
And the experiment is not over.
实验还没有结束。
Researchers will follow the kidney's performance for a second month.
研究人员将会对肾脏的运转情况进行第二个月的跟踪观察。
"Is this organ really going to work like a human organ? So far, it's looking like it is," Dr. Robert Montgomery told The Associated Press.
罗伯特·蒙哥马利博士告诉美联社：“这个器官真的能像人体器官一样运转吗？到目前为止，看起来是这样的。”
He is the director of NYU Langone's transplant institute.
他是纽约大学朗格尼移植研究所的主任。
"It looks even better than a human kidney," Montgomery said on July 14.
蒙哥马利在7月14日说：“它看起来比人类的肾脏还要好。”
On that day, he replaced a dead man's own kidneys with a single kidney from a genetically engineered pig.
在那一天，他用一头基因被改造过的猪的肾脏替换了一名死人的肾脏。
He watched the replaced pig kidney immediately start producing urine.
他看到替换后的猪肾立即开始产生尿液。
The possibility that pig kidneys might one day reduce the shortage of transplantable organs persuaded the family of Maurice "Mo" Miller to donate his body.
考虑到猪肾有可能会减少可移植器官的短缺问题，莫里斯·莫·米勒的家人决定捐赠他的遗体。
He had died suddenly at 57 with a formerly undiagnosed brain cancer, which did not permit for usual organ donation.
他突然去世，享年57岁，患有一种以前未被诊断出的脑癌，这种癌症不允许他进行正常的器官捐赠。
"I struggled with it," his sister, Mary Miller-Duffy, told the AP about her decision.
他的妹妹玛丽·米勒-达菲在接受美联社采访时谈到了她的决定，她说：“我为此而苦苦挣扎。”
But he liked helping others and "I think this is what my brother would want. So, I offered my brother to them."
但他喜欢助人为乐，“我想这就是我哥哥想要的。所以，我主动把我哥哥交给了他们。”
"He's going to be in the medical books, and he will live on forever," she added.
她补充道：“他将会出现在医学书籍中，他将会永远活着”。
Attempts at successfully performing animal-to-human transplants, or xenotransplantation, have failed for many years.
多年来，成功将动物器官移植到人类体内（即异种移植）的尝试都失败了。
Often, the human immune system attacks the foreign tissue.
通常，人体免疫系统会攻击外来组织。
Now researchers are using pigs genetically engineered so their organs are a better fit for human bodies.
目前，研究人员正在使用经过基因改造的猪，使它们的器官更适合人体。
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering approval of some small but detailed studies of pig heart or kidney transplants in volunteer patients.
美国食品药品监督管理局正在考虑批准在志愿者患者身上进行猪心脏或肾移植的一些小型但详细的研究。
More than 100,000 patients are on the United States' transplant list.
美国的移植名单上有超过10万名患者。
The University of Maryland's Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin warns that it is not clear if a dead body reacts the same way as a live body to a pig organ.
马里兰大学的穆罕默德·莫希丁警告称，目前尚不清楚死尸对猪器官的反应是否与活体相同。
But he said the research educates the public about xenotransplantation, so "people will not be shocked."
但他说，这项研究让公众了解了有关异种器官移植的知识，所以“人们不会感到震惊。”
Before this most recent experiment, NYU and a team from the University of Alabama at Birmingham tested a pig kidney transplant in a dead body for just two or three days.
在这项最近的实验之前，纽约大学和阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的一个研究小组只用了两三天的时间在一具死尸上进行了猪肾脏移植的测试。
An NYU team has also tested transplanted pig hearts on donated bodies for three days of intense testing.
纽约大学的一个研究小组也在捐赠的遗体上对移植的猪心脏进行了为期三天的密集测试。
But how long should these experiments last?
但这些实验应该持续多久呢？
University of Alabama's Dr. Jayme Locke said that it is not clear.
阿拉巴马大学的杰米·洛克博士说，目前还不清楚。
Among the moral questions is how long a family can emotionally deal with it.
道德问题之一是，一个家庭在情感上能承受多久。
Because keeping a body alive after the brain has died is difficult.
因为在大脑死亡后，让身体活着是很困难的。
In her own experiment, the donated body was stable enough that if the study wasn't required to end after a week, "I think we could have gone much longer, which I think offers great hope," she said.
她说，在她自己的实验中，捐赠的遗体足够稳定，如果研究不要求在一周后结束，“我认为我们可以持续的时间更长，我认为这给了我们很大的希望。”
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
