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India has proposed an alliance to speed up the development of biofuels to support energy transition worldwide.
印度提议建立一个联盟，以加快生物燃料的发展，支持全球能源转型。
Biofuel is a kind of fuel produced from agricultural products or organic waste.
生物燃料指的是一种从农产品或有机废物中产生的燃料。
India plans to announce the alliance at the G-20 gathering in New Delhi.
印度计划在新德里举行的G20峰会上宣布这一联盟。
It is expected that more than 15 countries will sign up to be part of the alliance.
预计将会有超过15个国家加入该联盟。
The United States, Canada, and Brazil are among a few of the countries expected to join India in such an alliance.
美国、加拿大和巴西预计将会同印度一起加入该联盟。
Humans have used biofuels since ancient times.
人类自古以来就使用生物燃料。
For example, humans burn wood and animal waste for cooking, heating, and light.
例如，人类燃烧木材和动物粪便来做饭、取暖和照明。
They have gained popularity in recent years for their possibility to deliver cleaner energy than some other sources.
由于生物燃料可能比其他一些能源更清洁，近年来，它们越来越受欢迎。
Biofuels are grouped based on their source.
生物燃料是根据其来源进行分组的。
Each group is known as a "generation."
每一组都被称为“一代”。
First-generation biofuels come from food crops like corn and sugar cane.
第一代生物燃料来自玉米和甘蔗等粮食作物。
Second generation come from non-food crops and agricultural waste.
第二代生物燃料来自非粮食作物和农业废弃物。
And third-generation come from small plants called algae.
而第三代生物燃料则来自藻类。
Ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas are popular kinds of biofuels.
乙醇、生物柴油和沼气是常用的生物燃料。
They can be produced from any of these sources and are grouped based on the source from which they are produced.
它们的来源可以是其中任何一个，并根据它们的产生来源进行分组。
For example, ethanol produced from farm-grown corn is grouped as first-generation ethanol.
例如，用农场种植的玉米中生产的乙醇被归类为第一代乙醇。
Biofuels are not always a clean source of energy.
生物燃料并不总是清洁能源。
But it depends on how it is produced.
但这取决于它是如何生产的。
A biofuel made from waste, for example, with renewable energy to power the production, would have little or no greenhouse gas production, making it a clean fuel.
例如，若在生产由废物制成的生物燃料时使用可再生能源为其提供动力，就几乎不会产生温室气体，那么这种生物燃料就是一种清洁燃料。
But when crops are grown to just produce biofuels, the fertilizer and nonrenewable fuels needed to produce the fuel make it much less clean.
但是，若种植作物的目的只是生产生物燃料时，那么生产这种燃料所需的化肥和不可再生燃料会使其变得不那么清洁。
"If you look at the full life cycle of producing biofuels, it's many times not clean," said Lydia Powell.
莉蒂亚·鲍威尔说：“如果你看一下生产生物燃料的整个生命周期，就会发现它很多时候都不清洁”。
She is an energy policy researcher at the New Delhi-based Observer Research Foundation.
她是新德里观察家研究基金会的能源政策研究员。
She has followed developments related to biofuels for over 20 years.
20多年来，她一直关注生物燃料的发展。
Biofuels can also mean land that could have produced food is being used for energy.
生物燃料也可能指原本可以生产粮食却被用来生产能源的土地。
They can add to deforestation when land is cleared for their production.
当土地被清理出来用于生产生物燃料时，它们可能会加剧森林砍伐。
Powell noted Europe's imports of plant-based palm oil from Indonesia and other East Asian countries to make biodiesel for cars and trucks.
鲍威尔指出，欧洲从印度尼西亚和其他东亚国家进口植物棕榈油，以制造轿车和卡车使用的生物柴油。
Those imports greatly fell after the European Union banned the sale of palm oil and other palm-based products when they could be linked to deforestation.
在欧盟禁止销售棕榈油和其他棕榈油产品后，进口量大幅下降，因为它们可能与森林砍伐有关。
"They were destroying natural forests to plant palm trees so you produce oil to export to Europe. When you destroy forests, you destroy large chunks of carbon sinks," Powell said.
鲍威尔说：“他们破坏天然森林来种植棕榈树，这样就可以生产石油出口到欧洲。当你破坏森林时，你就破坏了大量的碳汇。”
Those problems have led to debates about exactly how sustainable biofuels are.
这些问题引发了关于生物燃料到底有多可持续的辩论。
Biofuels are often used for transportation of people and products.
生物燃料通常用于运输人和产品的工具。
Experts say once they are made, biofuels produce little to no greenhouse gases when used.
专家表示，一旦生物燃料被制造出来，在使用时几乎不会产生温室气体。
The same cannot be said with the fossil fuels they are mixed with.
但与它们混合在一起的化石燃料就不是这样了。
But there is a hope that biofuels might completely replace fossil fuels to power airplanes and ships.
但生物燃料有望完全取代化石燃料，为飞机和船舶提供动力。
"They are one option among a larger set of solutions," said Jane O'Malley of International Council on Clean Transportation, a Washington-based independent nonprofit.
总部设在华盛顿的独立非营利组织国际清洁交通委员会的简·奥马利说：“它们只是众多解决方案中的一种。”
O'Malley said it is important to use the right kind of biofuel for the right purpose.
奥马利说，为正确的目的使用正确的生物燃料是很重要的。
She said it is important for countries using biofuels to move as quickly as possible to produce them with little to no greenhouse gas production.
她说，重要的是，使用生物燃料的国家必须尽快采取行动，在几乎不产生温室气体的情况下生产生物燃料。
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
