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United States health officials are warning of an increase in rare bacterial illnesses that can lead to meningitis.
美国卫生官方警告称，可导致脑膜炎的罕见细菌性疾病有所增加。
It is a serious and often deadly disease in which an outside barrier of the brain or related tissues becomes infected and swollen.
这是一种严重的、往往是致命的疾病，大脑或相关组织的外部屏障会受到感染并且肿胀。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a warning on March 28 about the increase in one kind of invasive "meningococcal disease" called serogroup Y.
美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)于3月28日发布警告，称一种名为Y群的侵袭性“脑膜炎球菌病”数量有所增加。
Last year, 422 cases of it were reported in the U.S. — the most in a year since 2014.
去年，美国报告了422例此类病例，这是自2014年以来最多的一年。
So far this year, 143 cases have been reported.
今年到目前为止，已经报告了143例病例。
That means infections are on their way to go above 2023 numbers, the CDC said.
疾控中心表示，这意味着感染人数将超过2023年。
Most of the cases last year did not involve meningitis, though at least 17 died.
去年尽管至少有17人死亡，但大多数病例与脑膜炎无关。
The cases were more common in adults ages 30 to 60, in Black people and those who have HIV, the CDC said.
疾控中心表示，这些病例在30岁至60岁的成年人、黑人和艾滋病毒携带者中更为常见。
HIV is a virus that can lead to AIDS, a serious disease that can destroy the body's natural defense system.
艾滋病毒是一种可能导致艾滋病的病毒，艾滋病是一种严重的疾病，可以破坏人体的自然防御系统。
The infection caused by meningococcal disease can lead to symptoms that may include high body temperature, head and upper body pain, nausea, and throwing up The bacteria can also cause an infection in the blood system.
脑膜炎球菌病引起的感染可能会导致的症状包括体温过高、头部和上半身疼痛、恶心，吐出的细菌也会导致血液系统的感染。
That infection could bring cold, tiredness, cold hands and feet, quick breathing, diarrhea, or discoloration of the skin.
这种感染可能会带来寒冷、疲倦、手脚冰冷、呼吸急促、腹泻或皮肤变色。
The infection can be treated with medications like antibiotics.
感染可以通过抗生素等药物治疗。
But treatment must be quick to be successful.
但必须立即治疗才能成功。
An estimated 10 to 15 percent of infected people die.
估计有10%至15%的感染者死亡。
And survivors sometimes lose the ability to hear or body parts must be surgically removed
幸存者有时会失去听力，或者必须通过手术切除身体部位。
There also are vaccines against meningococcal disease.
有针对脑膜炎球菌病的疫苗。
Officials suggest that all children should get a "meningococcal conjugate vaccine" around the age of 11.
官方建议所有儿童在11岁左右接种“脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗”。
Since vaccine protection weakens over time, the CDC also suggests a second shot at age 16.
由于疫苗保护作用会随着时间的推移而减弱，疾病预防控制中心还建议在16岁时接种第二针。
The CDC also suggests the shots for people at higher risk.
另外，疾病预防控制中心还建议高危人群接种疫苗。
Higher-risk individuals might include those who live where an outbreak is taking place or those with HIV infection or other kinds of health conditions.
高危人群可能包括疫情爆发地的居民、艾滋病毒感染者或有其他健康问题的人。
I'm Jill Robbins.
我是吉尔·罗宾斯。
