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China plans to start operations of a huge experiment next year that aims to observe subatomic particles called neutrinos.
中国计划明年开始一项大型实验，旨在观察被称为中微子的亚原子粒子。
The goal is to gather information that will help physicists better understand matter itself.
其目的是收集信息，帮助物理学家更好地理解物质本身。
That information will help solve one of the biggest mysteries in particle physics.
这些信息将有助于解决粒子物理学中最大的谜团之一。
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory, or JUNO, is in China’s southern Guangdong province.
江门地下中微子观测站，简称JUNO，位于中国南部的广东省。
It is expected to begin operations in 2025.
预计将于2025年开始运营。
Reporters with the Reuters news agency recently reported on the laboratory in China.
路透社的记者最近报道了中国的实验室。
It also reported on similar efforts in the United States.
它还报道了美国做出的类似努力。
The JUNO center has cost more than $300 million to build. Part of it is a 35-meter-tall sphere that is 700 meters underground. A huge pool of water holds the sphere.
JUNO中心的建造成本超过3亿美元。它有一部分是一个35米高的球体，位于地下700米。一个巨大的水池容纳着这个球体。
The JUNO center also contains tens of thousands of tubes, which can sense and intensify light.
JUNO中心还包含数以万计的管，可以感知和增强光。
They will be put in place in the coming months.
这些措施将在未来几个月内落实到位。
Chinese physicists and scientists from around the world are expected to study data on neutrinos from the center for up to six years.
中国物理学家和来自世界各地的科学家预计将在长达六年的时间里研究该中心的中微子数据。
They will be hoping to find neutrinos that are produced by two nearby nuclear power stations.
他们希望能找到附近两座核电站产生的中微子。
JUNO is also expected to be able to observe neutrinos from the sun and from radioactive materials in the Earth.
JUNO还有望观测到来自太阳和地球放射性物质的中微子。
The hope is that studying such neutrinos will add to knowledge of solar processes and the forces that move the Earth’s surface.
人们希望通过研究这些中微子来增加对太阳运动过程和地球表面运动力的认识。
JUNO is expected to go into operation before a similar but much larger project in the United States.
预计JUNO会比美国一个类似但规模更大的项目更早投入运行。
That project is called the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, or DUNE.
这个项目被称为“深地下中微子实验”，简称DUNE。
DUNE is part of an effort overseen by Fermilab, the top particle physics laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, or DOE.
DUNE是美国能源部顶级粒子物理实验室费米实验室监督的工作的一部分。
The whole experiment is known as the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility, or LBNF.
整个实验被称为长基线中微子设施，简称LBNF。
The LBNF has two main parts: one in South Dakota and the other in Illinois. However, DUNE is not expected to be complete until 2030.
LBNF有两个主要部分：一个在南达科他州，另一个在伊利诺伊州。然而，DUNE预计要到2030年才能完成。
The experiment has had several delays and its estimated cost has gone past $3 billion.
该实验多次延期，其估计成本已超过30亿美元。
Wang Yifang is chief scientist and project manager of JUNO. Wang recently spoke to Reuters during a media event supported by the Chinese government.
王贻芳是JUNO的首席科学家和项目经理。王贻芳最近在中国政府支持的一次媒体活动中接受了路透社的采访。
Wang said, “China had supported Fermilab’s LBNF at the time, but later the cooperation could not continue.”
王贻芳说：“中国当时支持费米实验室的LBNF，但后来合作无法继续。”
Wang added that “Around 2018-2019, the U.S. DOE asked all national laboratories not to cooperate with China, so Fermilab was forced to stop working with us.”
王贻芳补充说：“大约在2018-2019年，美国能源部要求所有国家实验室不要与中国合作，因此费米实验室被迫停止与我们合作。”
The DOE did not answer Reuters’ request for comment.
美国能源部没有回应路透社的置评请求。
Tensions between China and the U.S. have increased in recent years.
近年来，中美之间的紧张关系有所加剧。
In August, a science and technology agreement between China and the U.S. lapsed.
今年8月，中美之间的一项科技协议到期。
The agreement dated back to when the U.S. recognized mainland China in 1979.
该协议可以追溯到1979年美国承认中国成立的时候。
Supporters are concerned that the current situation will create duplication of research.
支持者担心目前的情况会造成重复研究。
They also say more scientists will seek different partners or miss out on chances to cooperate that could have led to useful discoveries.
他们还表示，更多的科学家将寻找不同的合作伙伴，或者错过可能导致有用发现的合作机会。
Neutrino observatories are also being built in other places.
其他地方也正在建造中微子观测站。
Wang told Reuters, "The one in the U.S. will be six years behind us.
王贻芳告诉路透社，“美国的那个要比我们晚六年。
And the one in the France and in Japan, they will be two or three years later than us.
法国和日本的那个，会比我们晚两三年。
So we believe that we can get the result of mass hierarchy (of neutrinos) ahead of everybody."
所以我们相信我们可以比所有人都更早得到中微子质量等级的结果。”
“Mass hierarchy” is a complex question behind neutrinos that has to do with the mass of different kinds of neutrinos.
“质量等级”是中微子背后的一个复杂问题，它与不同种类中微子的质量有关。
The question of the mass states of neutrinos is considered a major mystery in particle physics.
中微子的质量状态问题被认为是粒子物理学中的一个重大谜题。
So far, real-life neutrino use remains a distant possibility.
到目前为止，在现实生活中使用中微子的可能性仍然很遥远。
Some scientists say neutrinos could be used to send long-distance messages because they can pass through solid matter at nearly the speed of light.
一些科学家说，中微子可以用来发送远距离信息，因为它们可以以接近光速的速度穿过固体物质。
One U.S. group remains in JUNO. The group’s leader says it has support from the National Science Foundation.
一个美国小组仍留在JUNO项目里。该组织的领导人表示，他们得到了美国国家科学基金会的支持。
There were more than 12 U.S. organizations involved in an earlier neutrino project in China called the Daya Bay experiment.
有超过12个美国组织参与了中国早期的一个名为大亚湾实验的中微子项目。
Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux is with the University of California, Irvine.
Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux就职于加州大学欧文分校。
He said, “I believe that through our collaboration on this scientific endeavor, we are setting a positive example that may contribute, even in a small way, to bringing our countries closer together.”
他说：“我相信，通过我们在这项科学努力上的合作，我们正在树立积极的榜样，这可能有助于中美两国更加紧密地联系在一起，即使是很小的一部分。”
JUNO aims to record neutrinos passing from nuclear power stations in Guangdong.
JUNO的目标是记录广东核电站发出的中微子。
An official with JUNO said the information will be sent to Beijing and electronically relayed to Russia, France and Italy at the same time.
JUNO的一名官员说，这些信息将被发送到北京，并同时以电子方式传递给俄罗斯、法国和意大利。
The official said there is a system to make sure no data is missing.
这位官员说，有一个系统可以确保没有数据丢失。
Ochoa-Ricoux worked with China on the earlier Daya Bay experiment. He will lead the data analysis for JUNO.
奥乔亚-里库克斯在大亚湾的早期实验中与中国合作。他将领导JUNO的数据分析。
He also will be involved in the analysis for DUNE when it is available.
等到DUNE投用的时候，他也会参与数据分析。
Wang, who is also head of China’s version of Fermilab, said, “We welcome the Americans.”
王贻芳也是中国版费米实验室的负责人，他说：“我们欢迎美国人的加入。”
I’m Mario Ritter Jr. And I'm Jill Robbins.
我是小马里奥·里特和吉尔·罗宾斯。
