3.开动脑筋推测词意
初中英语学科教学基本要求规定,学生能根据上下文推测词义,并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料,换言之,这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程,学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为,可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程:
4.根据上下文猜测词意
如闸北区2003年中考模拟题,阅读B篇中p assed away,根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为“去世”。
5.根据构词法猜测词意
前缀un-表反义词,如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等。
后缀- ment表名词,如develop、development,state、statement,argue、argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词,如c alculate、calculator,visit、visitor,law、lawyer,wait、waiter,sci- ence、scientist,art、artist等。
6.用知识和生活经验理解短文
如根据化学知识,可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.;根据生活经验可以理解 Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.。根据逻辑推理理解短文,
逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如闸北区中考模拟卷阅读C篇回答问题中,根据 Have the police taken your driving licence away,too?可以推断问题6: Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案为: Because the police had take his driving licence away.。
再如 Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth ashe did before.As soon ashe touched the cloth, he cried,″Wonderful It’s the best picture I have ever seen!″据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
7.条分缕析理解长句
长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一,长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构,对于这类句子要分清主次,先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补,再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如, Parents whose children show a special interestina particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children’s career.,先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a cision.,再找出修饰语 W hose children show a special interestina particular sport为Parents的定语从句,difficult修饰decision,to make about their children’s careers为不定式做 decision的定语。经过分析,化整为零,化繁为简,此句就不难理解了。
adj. 受感动的 adj. 精神失常的