【真题再现】

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

　　As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.

　　“The Constitution,” said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”

　　“Don’t you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?”

　　“The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in a drawer.”

　　“Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.”

　　The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in.”

　　“But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).”

　　“Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”

　　16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to ________.
　　A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
　　B) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weapon
　　C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home
　　D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon(A)

　　17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that ________.
　　A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer
　　B) most people don’t know how to handle the weapon
　　C) people’s lives will be threatened by the weapon
　　D) they may fall into the hands of criminals(C)

　　18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it ________.
　　A) will frighten away any possible intruders
　　B) can show the special status of its owners
　　C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well
　　D) can kill those entering others’ houses by force(A)

　　19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that ________.
　　A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome
　　B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weapon
　　C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously
　　D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis(D)

　　20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________.
　　A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
　　B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
　　C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
　　D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons(A)

【精讲】

这篇文章讲的是全国氢弹协会(National Hydrogen Bomb Association)的成立及相关的争论。第一段主要介绍事件的发生：全国氢弹协会的成立以及该协会目前着手的活动：游说不要立法禁止普通人拥有氢弹(lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one)。第二段，协会发言人搬出了宪法作为如此游说的理由(The Constitution gives everyone the right to own arms，宪法给了每个人拥有武器的权利)。

　　后面的几段用问答的形式，继续讨论人们是否应该拥有氢弹。首先是问在家中藏有这样的武器是否太危险了(it’s dangerous to have one in the house)，回答是该协会可以指导人们如何使用这种武器，并提出人们可以*考试&大把氢弹弹体和导火索分开放置的方案(to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer)。

　　之后怀疑人们怎么可以拥有氢弹这种非常致命的武器。回答是氢弹制造的目的是用于自我保护(The bomb is for self-protection)，并举例说若家中藏有氢弹，则会吓阻非法闯入者(they’re going to think twice about breaking in)。
　　接下来的一段对上述理由提出了反驳：若有人侵入，则根本来不及把氢弹组装起来(never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder)。

　　最后一段是另一条反对意见：因为现在的氢弹价格昂贵，实际上它保护的对象只有富人(allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns)。

　　16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to ________.
　　A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
　　B) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weapon
　　C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home
　　D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon(A)

本题问从文中可以得知，一些人组织了一个国家协会，目的是什么。
　　A，阻止任何禁止私人拥有氢弹的立法。

　　B，配合这种破坏性武器的大规模生产。
　　C，指导人们如何安全地把氢弹藏于家中。
　　D，推广销售这种新发明的武器。
　　观察第一段，是一个很长的句子，可以判断以第一段的内容出一道题非常可能。这样这道题的答案只要到第一段中寻找就可以了。第一段前半部分讲的是该协会成立的缘由，与目的应该无关，那么就应该关注后半句。后半句讲的是该协会正在lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one，lobby是游说的意思，lobby against就是游说反对某事物，后面是“任何阻止美国人拥有氢弹的立法”。游说反对任何阻止美国人拥有氢弹的立法，意思与A一致，可以选A。

　　17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that ________.
　　A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer
　　B) most people don’t know how to handle the weapon
　　C) people’s lives will be threatened by the weapon
　　D) they may fall into the hands of criminals(C)

　　题目问一些人反对个人拥有氢弹，其理由的基础在于……
　　看这道题的题目，似乎较为空泛，其答案好像要结合较多文章内容才能得出。但观察几个备选项，可知它们基本与文章里的第一个问答有关，可以判断答案就在第一个问答中。结合这个问答的内容对错误选项进行排除，最终就可找到正确的答案。

　　A，氢弹的大小使其很难放入抽屉中。提到drawer的是这一句：keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer，这里讲的是如何保存氢弹：将弹体放在柜子里锁起来，把导火*考试&大索放在抽屉里。理解了这个意思，就可知道A的说法是不正确的。

　　B，大多数人不知道如何操作这种武器。文章提到handle是这一句：educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon，意思是协会希望指导人们如何安全地操作这种武器。这是一句答语，回答的问题是“把氢弹放在家里是否太危险了”，可见武器的危险性是反对拥有它的理由，而指导如何操作只是应对这种质疑的对策而已。所以B也不对。

　　C，人们的生活会受到这种武器的威胁。根据对C的分析可知，人们反对个人拥有氢弹是因为这种武器太过危险，可能会威胁自身，与C的意思一致。

　　D，他们可能会落入犯罪分子的手中。这一点文中没有提到，可以直接排除。

　　18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it ________.
　　A) will frighten away any possible intruders
　　B) can show the special status of its owners
　　C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well
　　D) can kill those entering others’ houses by force

题目问发言人所说的氢弹可以起到威慑效果是指氢弹……

　　文章提到deterrent effect(威慑效果)是在第二个问答中。问话者对氢弹的致命性表示了担忧(Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody)，而发言人认为氢弹本身不会杀人，人才会杀人(Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people)，并指出氢弹是自卫武器(The bomb is for self-protection)，同时具有威慑效果。在此之后的句子是发言人举出的一个例子，用来说明什么是威慑效果。If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in——前半句很好理解：如果有人知道你的房子里有一件核武器。Think twice，思考两次，与汉语里的“思考再三”类似，表示人犹豫不决，考虑再三无法下定决心，在这里就是指闯入者犹豫不决，始终不敢进入有核武器的房子。这的确可以说是一种威慑效果。

　　19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that ________.
　　A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome
　　B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weapon
　　C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously
　　D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis(D)
　　本题问根据文意，反对私人拥有氢弹的人士非常担心什么。

　　反对私人拥有氢弹的人士所担心的东西很多，但考虑到本题是本篇的倒数第二道题，而且前面两个问答中提到的担忧均已经出过题目，所以这道题的答案肯定会在第二个问答以后的内容中。后面还有两种担忧*考试&大的问题，第一个是来不及组装氢弹，结合题支可知与本题无关。第二个(最后一段)是穷人买不起氢弹，与题支所述的内容相关。最后一段共2个句子，第一句指出制造氢弹非常昂贵(very expensive to build one)，第二句以第一句为前提，进一步说明只有富人才买得起氢弹，穷人只能用手枪自卫。

　　A， 这一协会的影响过大，使特权较少的人无法抗拒。
　　B， 缺少教育的每个人将会发现使用这种武器非常困难。
　　C， 这种武器的广泛使用将会大幅度增加生活支出。
　　D， 这种武器的价格使公民站在了不平等的基础上。

　　可以看到A、B、C的说法在最后一段找不到任何类似内容。D所说的“价格使公民站在了不平等的基础上”中，价格应该就是指的氢弹的昂贵，使不平等应该是说富人买得起而穷人买不起，这符合上面的分析。应该选D。

　　20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________.
　　A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
　　B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
　　C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
　　D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons(A)
　　本题问从这篇文章的叙述基调可知作者如何如何。
　　A，对出于安全因素而在家中存放氢弹的必要性表示怀疑。
　　B， 对那些投票反对个人拥有氢弹的人存有反感。
　　C，对私人拥有氢弹问题并不在乎。
　　D，忧心核武器的扩散。

　　从文章内容来看，作者实际上自始至终没有提出自己的观点，只是引用氢弹协会与反对者两方面的意见进行论述，要想从中看出作者的倾向比较困难。但内容本身还是能够传达出一些信号供我们分析。首先，在写作一篇关于氢弹协会的文章之始，在写作方向上可以有很多选择，如将其做为新生事物做正面介绍——这就暗示作者有支持氢弹协会的倾向(如此就可以选B);或者把此事作为新闻事件仅客观地加以叙述，写法类似于新闻报道(如此就可以选C)。但读完文章后可以发现，作者没有按照上述的写法写作，而是引入很多反对意见，以问答的形式介绍在该事件上的争论情况，这样就至少可以判断出作者的倾向不是支持氢弹协会的，否则就不会罗列如此之多的反对意见，来让读者了解到私人拥有氢弹的弊端。其次，可*考试&大以发现作者罗列的反对意见是非常深入非常尖锐的，尤其是最后两段，对前面发言人的观点做了针锋相对的反驳，如果作者的态度是事不关己，相信不会如此和氢弹协会的人过不去。因此可以判断作者的态度大致是对私人拥有氢弹表示担心的。答案应该是A。

　　 D的说法似乎也对，但应该注意D的用词，nuclear weapons用的是复数形式，那么这个词组就指的是破坏力极强的军事上使用的核武器，而不是家庭用的氢弹。如果指家庭用氢弹应该这么表述：the nuclear weapon，用the特指文章已经提到的氢弹，weapon用单数。